Question
With the help of one example each, provide genetic explanation for the following observations:
F1-generation resembles both the parents.
F1-generation resembles both the parents.
✓
Answer
F1 generation resembles both the parents: This happens in the case of co-dominance where both alleles express themselves fully in heterozygous condition. For example: Different types of red blood cells determine ABO blood grouping in human beings. Co-dominance:
- The alleles which are able to express themselves independently, even when present together are called co-dominant alleles and this biological phenomenon is called co–dominance. For example, ABO blood grouping in humans.
- ABO blood groups are controlled by gene I. Gene I has three alleles IA, IB and IO/i.
- IA and IB produce RBC surface antigens sugar polymer A and B, respectively, whereas i does not produce any antigen.
- IA and IB are dominant over i hence IA and IB are dominant alleles and i is recessive allele as in IAi and IBi.
- When IA and IB are present together, both express equally and produce the surface antigens A and B, hence show co-dominance.
- Since humans are diploid, each person possesses any two of the three ‘I’ gene alleles, resulting into six different genotypic combinations and four phenotypic expressions.
Table showing the genetic basis of blood groups in human population:
| Allele from Parent 1 | Allele from Parent 2 | Genotype of offspring | Blood groups of offspring |
| IA | IA | IAIA | A |
| IA | B | IAIB | AB |
| IA | i | IAi | A |
| IB | IB | IBIB | B |
| IB | i | IBi | B |
| i | i | ii | O |
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