PART - 2 - Unit V : CH - 17 Locomotion and Movement — BIOLOGY STD 11 Science — Question

For the classification of housefly, correctly match the terms given in Column-I with the terms given in Column-II.

Column-I	Column-II
1. Family	(i) Arthropoda
2. Order	(ii) Insecta
3. Class	(iii) Muscidae
4. Phylum	(iv) Diptera

Bryophyta (bryophytes) A division of plants which for some authors includes the mosses (Musci) and liverworts (Hepaticae), but is now often taken to include only the mosses; liverworts having been assigned divisional status as Hepatophyta. Bryophytes differ from algae in that the multicellular gametangium is surrounded by a protective jacket of sterile cells; gametangia of algae are usually unicellular and never have a protective jacket of sterile cells. Although bryophytes lack differentiated water-conducting vessels, and rely largely or entirely on water absorbed from rain falling on the plants, or from a moist atmosphere, some larger species may have simple water-conducting cells. They lack true roots, but possess root-like rhizoids which anchor them to a substrate and which can absorb water and minerals. The plants all show a heteromorphic alternation of generations, with a green vegetative gametophyte (the familiar moss or liverwort plant) and a sporophyte which typically takes the form of a (usually stalked) capsule and which is partially or wholly parasitic on the gametophyte. Most bryophytes are land plants and are found worldwide in a range of habitats. They are known from Devonian rocks, but there is no evidence to link them with either the green algae or the more advanced pteridophytes.

(1) A characteristic feature of bryophytes is:
(a) a dominant and parasitic sporophyte
(b) a dominant and spore-producing gametophyte
(c) a small sporophyte phase, which is dependent on the gametophyte
(d) sporophytes stay for a longer duration.

(2) Find the true statement about bryophytes:
(a) they have chloroplasts
(b) they have archegonia
(c) they are thalloid
(d) all of the above.

(3) Among the following which is not characteristics feature of bryophyte:
(a) Motile sperms
(b) Presence of archegonium
(c) Water essential for fertilization
(d) Independent sporophyte

(4) Bryophytes differ from pteridophytes in:
(a) Swimming antherozoids
(b) An independent gametophyte
(c) Archegonia
(d) Lack of vascular tissue

(5) In bryophytes, antherozoids are-
(a) Biflagellate
(b) Multiflagellate
(c) Sometimes biflagellate and sometimes multiflagellate.
(d) Biflagellate in a few species and multiflagellate in the rest.

Cell membrane, also called plasma membrane, thin membrane that surrounds every living cell, delimiting the cell from the environment around it. Enclosed by this cell membrane are the cell’s constituents, large, water-soluble, highly charged molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and substances involved in cellular metabolism. Cell membranes are composed primarily of fatty-acid based lipids and proteins. Membrane lipids are principally of two types, phospholipids and sterols (generally cholesterol). Both types share the defining characteristic of lipids—they dissolve readily in organic solvents—but in addition they both have a region that is attracted to and soluble in water.

(1).Plasma membrane is made up of
(a) A protein, a lipid and a cellulose layer
(b) Bimolecular lipid layer surrounded by protein layers
(c) A protein layer between two lipid layers
(d) A lipid layer between two protein layers

(2) Fluid mosaic model of cell was put forward by –
(a) Danielli and Dawson
(b) Singer and Nicolson
(c) Garner and Allard
(d) Watson and Crick

(3) Which of the following statements best describes the chemical composition of
plasma-membrane?
(a) Plasma membrane is composed of two layers—one layer of phospholipids and one layer
of proteins.
(b) Plasma membrane is composed of equal numbers of phospholipids, proteins, and
carbohydrates.
(c) Plasma membrane is bilayers of proteins with associated lipids and carbohydrates.
(d) Plasma membrane is bilayers of phospholipids with associated proteins and
carbohydrates.

(4) Most abundant lipid in the cell membrane is
(a) phospholipids (b) cerebrosides (c) glycolipids (d) None of these

Write any four differences between Agnatha and Gnathostomata.

Could the number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous mother be equal? Why?

Write the functions of human kidney.

Write four differences between A-band and I-band and draw a labelled diagram illustrating a transverse section of muscle showing muscle bundle and muscle fibres.

There are thousands of different eubacteria or 'true bacteria'. They are characterized by the presence of a rigid cell wall, and if motile, a flagellum. The cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs. The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous, freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae. The colonies are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies. Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and use the released energy for their ATP production. They play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous. iron and Sulphur.

(1) Which of the following can be termed as 'Photosynthetic Autotrophs'
(a) All monerans (b) Chemosynthetic Bacteria (c) Cyanobacteria (d) All Eubacteria

(2) Blue green algae are characterized by :
(a) They often form blooms in polluted water bodies.
(b) Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen
(c) Their colonies are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath.
(d) All of these

(3) Which is incorrect about Heterocysts:
(a) These are specialized cells
(b) These are present in all Cyanobacteria.
(c) Nostoc and Anabaena have Heterocysts.
(d) Organisms having these cells can fix atmospheric nitrogen

(4) Green plants are similar to Blue green algae in having:
(a) chlorophyll a (b) Heterocysts (c) chlorophyll b (d) None of these

(5) Which of these can be described as ‘true Bacteria’.
(a) Cyanobacteria only
(b) Only Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
(c) Bacteria without cell wall.
(d) Eubacteria

Lipids form a heterogeneous group but all are made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. These are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents like acetone, ether, alcohol etc. The number of oxygen atoms is very small compared to carbon atoms. They need a large amount of oxygen for their oxidation to release energy. They could be simple lipids, compound lipids, and derived lipids. Simple lipids are esters of fatty acid and alcohol. Compound lipids are formed when simple lipids combine with another compounds for example glycolipids, phospholipids and lipoproteins. Derived lipids are of various types and important example being steroids.

(1) Lipids mainly consist of
(a) Carbon only
(b) carbon hydrogen and nitrogen
(c) carbon hydrogen and oxygen
(d) Hydrogen only

(2) Among the given options non-polymeric molecule is
(a) Nucleic acids (b) proteins (c) Lipids (d) polysaccharides

(3) An example of unsaturated fatty acid is
(a) oleic acid (b) stearic acid (c) Linoleic acid (d) both a and c

(4) The number of carbon atoms as compared to oxygen atoms in lipids is
(a) same (b) much less (c) much more (d) none of these.

(5) Steroids are an example of
(a) derived lipids (b) conjugated lipids (c) simple lipids (d) lipo proteins

Write the names of four groups of bacteria on the basis of shape. Name any four diseases caused by bacteria and draw any two picture of bacteria.