Question
Write the nature, properties and difference among $\alpha$-, $\beta$- and $\gamma$-rays.
✓
Answer
Comparative Vision of Properties of $\alpha-, \beta$ - and $\gamma-$ rays
| Properties | $\alpha$-rays | $\beta$-rays | $\gamma$-rays |
| 1. Nature | Helium nucleus $\left({ }_2^4 He \right)$ electron $\left({ }_1^0 \beta\right)$ |
Fast moving | Electro-magnetic wave or proton |
| 2. Charge | $+3.2 \times 10^{-19}$ coulomb | $1.6 \times 10^{-19}$ coulomb | Zero |
| 3. Mass | $6.62 \times 10^{-27} kg$ | $9.1 \times 10^{-31} kg$ | Rest mass is zero |
| 4. Velocity | (Between $1.4 \times 10^7$ m/sec and $\left.2.2 \times 10^7 m / sec \right)$ | $1 \%$ to $99 \%$ of velocity of light | $3 \times 10^8 m / sec$ i.e.,elocity of light |
| 5. Ionising power | 100 times of $\beta$-rays | 100 times of $\gamma$-rays | minimum |
| 6. Penetrating power | Minimum | 100 times of $\alpha$-rays | 100 times of $\beta$-rays |
| 7. Effect of electric and magnatic fields | Direction of deflection shows the positive charge on these parti-cles (rays). | Direction of deflection shows the negative charge on these parti-cles (rays). | There is no deflection of these rays. |
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