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p- Block Elements — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryp- Block Elements5 Marks
Question
Write the principle of manufacture of ammonia by Haber's process. How does it react with $ CuSO_{4} $ solution?
✓

Answer

Industrial Preparation of Ammonia : Ammonia is manufactured by Haber's process industrially.
Principle : Nitrogen is made to combine with $H _2$ at a temperature of 700 K and 200 atm . pressure. Iron is used as a catalyst in the process and molybdenum is used as promoter.
Due to exothermic and reversible nature of the reaction a good yield of ammonia is obtained at low temperature and high pressure. So reaction is carried out under low temperature and high pressure.
$N _2+3 H _2 \underset{200 atm .}{\stackrel{ Fe ( Mo ), 770 K}{\rightleftharpoons}} 2 NH _3+92.2 kJ$
Process : Purified $N _2$ and $H _2$ gases are taken in the ratio of $1: 3$ and introduced in the compression unit where they are subjected to a pressure of 200 atm . After compression the gases are passed through ammonia converter, packed with finally divided iron as catalyst and molybdenum as promoter. Initially the temperature of the chamber is raised to 700 K . After the reaction starts the temperature is maintained, due to the exothermic nature of the reaction.
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A mixture of $Fe _2 O _3, K_2 O$ and $Al _2 O _3$ can also we used as catalyst in this process.
The gases coming out from the catalyst chamber contained $10-20 \%$ ammonia along with $H _2$ and $N _2$. This mixture is passed through a condensor to liquify the ammonium formed. Unreacted $H _2$ and $N _2$ are passed out.
The uncondensed gases are passed through the compression unit with fresh gases and whole process is repeated.
React with $CuSO _4$ Solution
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