1. Write the process of decay. How can radioactive nuclei emit -p… - Vidyadip

Question

Write the process of $\beta$ decay. How can radioactive nuclei emit $\beta$-particles even though they do not contain them? Why do all electrons emitted during $\beta$-decay not have the same energy?
A heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei. Which one of the two - parent nucleus or the daughter nuclei has more binding energy per nucleon?

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Answer

A nucleus, that spontaneously decays by emitting an electron, or a positron, is said to undergo $\beta$ decay

[Alternatively $ ^{A}_{Z}\text{X}\longrightarrow^{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }A}_{Z+1}\text{Y}+e^-+\bar{v}$

$ ^{A}_{Z}\text{X}\longrightarrow^{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }A}_{Z-1}\text{Y}+e^++v$ (antineutrino)

During β decay, nucleons undergo transformation. We can have:

${n}\text{ }{\longrightarrow}\text{ }{p}+e^-+{\bar{v}}$

$ \longrightarrow$ A neutron converts into a proton and an electron [Alternatively

${p}\longrightarrow{n}+e^++v$

[A proton converts into a neutron and a positron] It is because the neutrinos, or antineutrino, carry off different amounts of energy.

The daughter nuclei have more binding energy per nucleon.

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