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Analytical Chemistry — Chemistry STD 10 — Question

ICSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry5 Marks
Question
You are provided with two separate colorless solutions. Solution A is suspected to contain either silver (Ag+) or copper(II) (Cu2+) ions, Solution B is suspected to contain either sulfate (SO42-) or carbonate (CO32-) ions.
Design a step-by-step procedure to identify the ions present in both solutions, detailing the reagents you would use, the observations you would expect, and the chemical equations for the reactions involved.
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Answer

• Solution A: Test for Silver (Ag+) ions
Reagent: Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to Solution A.Observation: Formation of a white precipitate indicates the presence of silver ions.
• Test for Copper(II) (Cu2+) ions
Reagent: If no precipitate forms with HCl2 add a few drops of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to Solution A. Observation: Formation of a blue precipitate indicates the presence of copper(II) ions.
• Solution B: Test for Sulphate (SO42-) ions
Reagent: Add a few drops of barium chloride (BaCl2) to Solution B.Observation: Formation of a white precipitate indicates the presence of sulfate ions.
• Test for Carbonate (CO32-) ions:
Reagent: If no precipitate forms with BaCl2, add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to Solution B.Observation: Effervescence (bubbling) due to the release of carbon dioxide gas indicates the presence of carbonate ions. You can confirm by passing the gas through limewater, which will turn milky.
• Summary:
Solution A: Test with HCl and NaOH to identify Ag+ or Cu2+,
Solution B: Test with BaCl2 and HCl to identify SO42- or CO32-.

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