Control and Coordination Science - Control and Coordination

Receptors are usually located in sense organs. Gustatory receptors are present in

A part of the body which responds to the in-structions sent from nervous system is called :

The bending of the shoot of a plant in response to light is called :

Spinal cord originates from :

One of the following is an incorrect statement about insulin. This is :

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as :
Assertion : Cerebrum acts as the main thinking part of the brain.
Reason : Cerebrum is responsible for reasoning, speech, intelligence, sight, hearing, usage of information, etc.

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as :
Assertion : Thyroxine is secreted by thyroid gland.
Reason : Its deficiency leads to diabetes.

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as :
Assertion : Endocrine glands are called ductless glands.
Reason : These glands direct pour their secretions into the blood.

Plant roots grow downward in response to _________.

A neuron which carries an impulse to the brain is called a ________.

The two examples of effectors are ________and________.

The neuron which carries a message for action to a muscle or gland is known as a __________.

Tendrils wind around a support in response to ________.

All the voluntary actions of our body are controlled for control of by pons. [True/ False]

Reflex arc is found in human beings only. [True/ False]

The plant part which exhibits negative geotropism is branch. [True/ False]

The role of synapses ensures that nerve impulses travel in one direction. [True/ False]

The directional growth of a plant part in response to touch of an object is known as thigmotropism. [True/ False]

Name two tissues that provide control and coordination in multicellular animals.

Name the largest cell present in the human body.

What is the general name of chemical substances which bring about control and coordination in plants?

Why is the flow of signals in a synapse from axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another neuron but not the reverse?

Answer the following:
Dwarfism results due to deficiency of which hormone?

Name the two main organs of our central nervous system. Which one of them plays a major role in sending command to muscles to act without involving thinking process Name the phenomenon involved.

What are hormones? Name the hormone secreted by thyroid and state its. function.

What is water harvesting? Mention any two water harvesting structures.

What are ‘nastic’ and ‘curvature’ movements? Give one example of each.

1. Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory receptor present in human beings.
2. Write a and b in the given flow chart of neuron through which information travels as an electrical impulse.

We are advised to take iodised salt in our diet by doctors. Justify it's importance in our body.

What is 'Phototropism'? How does it occur in plants ? Describe an activity to demonstrate phototropism.

Define ‘hormones’. Name the hormone secreted by thyroid. Write its function. Why is the use of iodised salt advised to us?

Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function of each:

1. Thyroid.
2. Pituitary.
3. Pancreas.

1. What is tropism?
2. How do auxins promote the growth of a·tendril around a support?

a) A doctor has advised Sameer to reduce sugar intake in his diet and do regular exercise after checking his blood test reports. Which disease do you think Sameer is suffering from? Name the hormone responsible for this disease and the organ producing the hormone.
b) Which hormone is present in the areas of rapid cell division in a plant and which hormone inhibits the growth?

1. Draw the structure of a neuron and label the following on it: Nucleus, Dendrite, Cell body and Axon.
2. Name the part of neuron:
3. Where information is acquired.
4. Through which information travels as an electrical impulse.

1. What is (i) phototropism and (ii) geotropism? With labelled diagrams describe an activity to show that light and gravity change the directions that plant parts grow in.
2. Mention the role of each of the following plant hormones:

1. Auxin.
2. Abscisic acid.

When we touch a hot plate unknowingly, then this heat is sensed by a receptor P present in our fingers. The receptor triggers and impulse in neuron Q which transmits the message to an organ R which is a part of the central nervous system. Here the impulse is passed on to a neuron S which in turn passes it to a yet another neuron T. The neuron T passes the impulse to a tissue U in our arm. The tissue U then contracts and pulls our hand away from the hot plate.

1. What is the name of (i) receptor P (ii) neuron Q, and (iii) organ R?
2. What is (i) neuron S, and (ii) neuron T?
3. Name the tissue U.
4. What name is given to the phenomenon in which hand is pulled away quickly from the hot plate?
5. Name the effector in this whole process.

A and B are two pairs of glands that are present in the human endocrine system. The pair A is found only in females, whereas B is present only in males. Glands A make and secrete two hormones C and D, whereas glands B make and secrete only one hormone E. In addition to hormones, Glands A make gametes F, whereas glands B make gametes G.

1. What are the glands A?
2. What are the hormones C and D?
3. What are the glands B? Name the hormone E.
4. What are the gametes F and G?
5. Which event in the life of males and females is associated with the secretion of the hormones C, D and E?

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below the Adam's apple. It is part of an intricate network of glands called the endocrine system. The endocrine system is responsible for coordinating many of your body's activities. The thyroid gland manufactures hormones that regulate your body's metabolism.
Several different disorders can arise when your thyroid produces too much hormone (hyperthyroidism) or not enough (hypothyroidism). Four common disorders of the thyroid are Hashimoto's disease, Graves' disease, goitre and thyroid nodules.
In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland is overactive. It produces too much of its hormone. Hyperthyroidism affects about 1 percent of women. It's less common in men.
Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, affecting about 70 percent of people with an overactive thyroid. Nodules on the thyroid - a condition called toxic nodular goitre or multinodular goitre can also cause the gland to overproduce its hormones.
Excessive thyroid hormone production leads to symptoms such as : restlessness nervousness, racing heart, irritability, increased sweating, shaking, anxiety, trouble sleeping, thin skin, brittle hair and nails, muscle weakness, weight loss, bulging eyes (in Graves' disease).
(i) What is thyroid gland?
(ii) What is the function of the thyroid gland ?
(iii) Name some common disorders of the thyroid.
or
(iv) Give some symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brain-stem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in and protected by, the skull bones of the head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter. The cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes - the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning and abstract thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. The brain is protected by the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood brain barrier. Howvever, the brain is still susceptible to damage, disease and infection. Damage can be caused by trauma, or a loss of blood supply known as a stroke. The brain is susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dementias including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Psychiatric condition, including schizophrenia and clinical deprescion, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions. The brain can also be the site of tumours, both benign and malignant; these mostly originate from other sites in the body.The study of the anatomy of the brain is neuroanatomy, while the study of its function is neuroscience.

(i) Which is the central part of the nervous system?
(ii) What is the largest part of the human brain?
(iii) What are the functions of the brain?
or
(iv) What is the branch which studies the anatomy of brain?

The communication between the central nervous system and the other parts of the body is facilitated by the peripheral nervous system consisting of cranial nerves arising from the brain and spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord. The brain thus allows us to think and take actions based on that thinking.
The brain has three such major parts or regions, namely the fore-brain, mid-brain and hind-brain. The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain. It has regions which receive sensory impulses from various receptors. Separate areas of the fore-brain are specialised for hearing, smell, sight and so on. There are separate areas of association where this sensory information is interpreted by putting it together with information from other receptors as well as with information that is already stored in the brain. Based on all this, a decision is made about how to respond and the information is passed on to the motor areas which control the movement of voluntary muscles.
(i) Which system facilitates the communication between the central nervous system and the other parts of the body?
(ii) What is the role of the brain?
(iii) What are three parts of the human brain ?
(iv) Which is the main thinking part of the brain?