Sociology 2 Marks Question

TNCs adapted to the Indian audience-

• Introduced a segment of Hindi language programming/MTV India.
• Introduced entire new Hindi channels.
• Dual commentary on Star Sports and ESPN.
• Regional language based programmes/separate channels.

Connection through Silk route -

• Centuries ago it connected India to the great civilisations like China, Persia, Egypt and Rome.
• In the past, people from different parts came here as traders, conquerors, migrants in search of new lands and settled down here.

Neo-liberal economic measures -

• Steady removal of that rules that regulated Indian Trade & finance regulations.
• Series of reforms in all the sectors – Agriculture, industry, trade, foreign investment, etc.

Transnational Corporations -

• Produce goods or market services in more than one country.
• Could also be gigantic International (Coca – Cola, General motors) or small firms with one or two factories outside the country are oriented towards global markets and global projects.

'Globalisation of Culture' -

• Circulation of culture & cultural products around the world.
• Mixing of global with the local.

• The Red Cross.
• Amnesty International.
• Greenpeace.
• Medecins Sans Frontieres.

1. TNC‘s produce goods or market services in more than one country.
2. They may be relatively small firms with one or two factories outside the country in which they are based or they may be gigantic international ones where operations criss-cross the globe.
3. They are oriented to the global markets and global profit even if they have a clear national base.

• Fordism means the mass production of goods at a centralised location.
• Post-Fordism means a system of flexible production at dispersed location.

The globalisation of finance is the global integration of financial markets which undertake billions of dollars worth of transaction within seconds through electronic long distance transactions.

The famous silk route connected India to the great civilisations which existed in China, Persia, Egypt and Rome centuries ago.

Globalisation of culture refers to-
The mixing of the global culture with the local culture.

Globalisation of culture” refers to the mixing of global culture with the local culture. It is a strategy adopted by foreign firms while dealing with local traditions.
Alternate Answer
Globalisation of culture refers to greater contact and interaction between the cultures of the world.

INGOs:Greenpeace, The Red Cross, Amnesty International, Medicins Sans Frontieres.

Affect of globalisation on silk spinners and twisters of Bihar:

• Lost their jobs because of Chinese/Korean silk yarn that entered the market.
• Preference of the Chinese/Korean silk yarn, as it is somewhat cheaper and has a shine.

Corporate Culture -

1. Branch of management theory that seeks to increase productivity & competitiveness.
2. It involves all members of a firm.
3. Enhancement of employee solidarity and loyalty through events, rituals, tradition, etc.
4. Way of promoting & packaging of products.

Glocalisation -

1. It is the mixing of global with the local culture.
2. It is a strategy often adopted by foreign firms while dealing with local tradition in der to enhance their marketability.

FORDISM -

1. Started by Henry Ford.
2. Popularised the assembly-line method of mass production of cars.
3. There was mass production of goods at a centralised location, resulted in expensive costs.
4. Led to Payment of better wages to the workers, implementation of social welfare policies by both industrialists and the states.

Transnational corporations:

1. Companies that produce goods or market services in more than one country.
2. Small firms with one or two factories outside the country in which they are based.
3. Companies with production and head offices in different countries.
4. Gigantic international companies in which operations criss-cross the globe.

FORDISM-

1. Mass production of goods at centralised location - popularised by Henry Ford.

POST-FORDISM-

2. A system of flexible production at dispersed locations.

Increase in productivity & competitiveness by corporate culture:-

1. Management seeks to increase productivity & competitiveness through creation of unique organisational culture, involving all members of a firm.
2. By involving in company events, rituals and traditions - enhance employee loyalty and promotes group solidarity.
3. By creating new ways of promoting & packaging products.

• Amnesty International.
• The Red Cross.
• Greenpeace.
• Hal page.
• Medecins Sans Frontieres.
• Friendcos.

Corporate culture is a branch of management theory that seeks to increase productivity and competitiveness through the creation of unique organisational cultures involving all members of a firm.
Alternate Answer
A way of doing things, promotion and packaging of products.

Liberalisation refers to -
A range of policy decisions that the Indian State took to open up the Indian Economy to the World market.
Alternate Answer
Liberalisation refers to -
The removal of the rules that regulated Indian trade and finance regulation.

Alternate Answer
Privatisation of public sector enterprises, loosening of government regulations, reduction in tariff and import duties and allowing easier access for foreign companies to set up industries in India.

The weightless economy is one in which more and more products are based on in- formation technology, as in computer software, media and entertainment products and internet services.
Alternate Answer
A knowledge economy is one in which much of the workforce is not involved in system of production or distribution of goods in their development... etc.

Different effects of Globalisation -

• For some, it may mean new opportunity & for others the loss of livelihood.
• Example of silk spinners, rag pickers, gum collectors, agriculture or industry, change in the status of women.

Knowledge Economy:
A knowledge economy is one in which much of the workforce is involved not in the physical production or distribution of material goods but in their design, development, technology, marketing, sale & service. Eg. It can range from the neighborhood catering to large organisations (to host professional meets & even family events like weddings).

• TNC‘s are companies that produce goods or services in more than one country.
• These may be small firms with one or two factories outside the country.
• They could be huge international firms whose operations spread worldwide.
• Examples are Coca-Cola, General Motors, Coalgate-Pal molive, Kodak, Mitsubishi, Pepsi, etc.
• Oriented to global profits and global markets.

Corporate Culture:

1. Branch of management theory that seeks to increase productivity & competitiveness.
2. It involves all members of a firm.
3. Enhancement of employee solidarity and loyalty through events, rituals, tradition, etc.
4. Way of promoting & packaging of products.

Fordism refers to a system of production made popular by the American industrialist Henry Ford in the early part of 20th century. Ford popularized the assembly line method of mass production of a standardized product (cars). This age also led to payment of better wages to the workers and social welfare policies being executed by both industrialists and the state.