[5 Mark Question Answer]

Question 15 Marks

Complete the following:

Gland/Organ	Hormone	Function
(i) Stomach	__________	__________
(ii) Parathyroid	__________	__________
(iii) __________	__________	Lowers blood sugar level.
(iv) Adrenal medulla	__________	__________
(v) Pancreas (Alpha cells)	__________	__________
(vi) Testes	__________	__________

Answer

Gland/Organ	Hormone	Function
(i) Stomach	Gastrin	Stimulates secretion of gastric juices.
(ii) Parathyroid	Parathormone	Regulates calcium metabolism.
(iii) Pancreas (Beta cells)	Insulin	Lowers blood sugar level.
(iv) Adrenal medulla	Adrenaline	Helps body to adapt stress and other extreme conditions.
(v) Pancreas (Alpha cells)	Glucagon	Raise blood sugar level.
(vi) Testes	Testosterone	Development of primary and secondary sex characters in males.

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Question 25 Marks

What do you mean by endocrine system?

Answer

In human body there are two types of glands - exocrine and endocrine. The exocrine glands have ducts and discharge their secretions through them, e.g., salivary glands, liver, etc. The endocrine glands are those which do not possess any duct and discharge their secretion (hormones) directly into the blood stream to send them to the various parts of the body. The endocrine glands and their secretion (hormones) constitute the endocrine system which along with nervous system coordinates the activity of various parts of the body.

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Question 35 Marks

Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with a suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.

Column A	Column B
(i) Pituitary	(a) produces male sex characteristics
(ii) Ovaries	(b) decreases blood sugar level
(iii) Thyroid	(c) increases heart and breathing rate raises blood pressure
(iv) Thymus	(d) produces female sex characteristics
(v) Adrenals	(e) is known as emergency hormone
(vi) Hypothalamus	(f) regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus
(vii) Pancreas	(g) increases the rate of metabolism
(viii) Testes	(h) maintains the level of calcium
(ix) Parathyroid	regulates the amount of water excreted in the urine.
(x) Cretinism	(j) simulates skeletal growth
(xi) Diabetes mellitus	(k) regulates the activities of other glands
(xii) Insulin shock	(l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs
(xiii) Gigantism	(m) Shortage of glucose in the blood.
(xiv) Enlargement of breasts in adult males	(n) Over-secretion of growth hormone
(xv) Exophthalmic goiter	(o) Excess of glucose in the blood
(xvi) Acromegaly	(p) Over-secretion of thyroxin
(xvii) Addison’s disease	(q) Dwarfism and mental retardation
(xviii)Cretinism	(r) Over-secretion of cortical hormones
(xix) Dwarfism	(s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex
(xx) Adrenalin	(t) Under-secretion of thyroxin in children
(xxi) Vasopressin	(u) Over-secretion of growth hormones in adults

Answer

Column A	Column B
(i) Pituitary	(j) simulates skeletal growth
(ii) Ovaries	(d) produces female sex characteristics
(iii) Thyroid	(g) increases the rate of metabolism
(iv) Thymus	(l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs
(v) Adrenals	(c) increases heart and breathing rate raises blood pressure
(vi) Hypothalamus	(k) regulates the activities of other glands
(vii) Pancreas	(b) decreases blood sugar level
(viii) Testes	(a) produces male sex characteristics
(ix) Parathyroid	(f) regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus
(x) Cretinism	(q) Dwarfism and mental retardation
(xi) Diabetes mellitus	(o) Excess of glucose in the blood
(xii) Insulin shock	(m) Shortage of glucose in the blood.
(xiii) Gigantism	(n) Over-secretion of growth hormone
(xiv) Enlargement of breasts in adult males	(r) Over-secretion of cortical hormones
(xv) Exophthalmic goiter	(p) Over-secretion of thyroxin
(xvi) Acromegaly	(u) Over-secretion of growth hormones in adults
(xvii) Addison’s disease	(s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex
(xviii)Cretinism	(t) Under-secretion of thyroxin in children
(xix) Dwarfism	(s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex
(xx) Adrenalin	(e) is known as emergency hormone
(xxi) Vasopressin	(l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs

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Question 45 Marks

Differentiate: Nervous control and Hormonal control.

Answer

Nervous Control	Hormonal Control
The information is sent in the form of electric signals.	The information is sent in the form of chemical signals.
The signals travel through nerve fibres to specific target cells like muscle fibres and glands.	The signals travel through blood stream to cells in different organs.
Nervous system causes muscles to contract or relax, glands to secrete more or less. But it cannot bring about growth.	Endocrine system brings about changes in metabolic activities of all body tissues. It affects growth.
Action is immediate (within few milliseconds.)	Action is slow (can take hours or days to produce response).
Effect lasts for a sliort time.	Effect is more lasting and permanent.

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Question 55 Marks

Given alongside are the diagrammatic sketches of some endocrine glands. Observe the figures and answer the following questions:

(i) Label the parts numbered 1 to 5.
(ii) Name the hormones secreted by (2) and (5).
(iii) Which chemicals in our body are greatly affected by hormones?
(iv) What is the chemical nature of hormones?
(v) Name the elements related to the functioning of hormones secreted by the structure (2) and (5).

Answer

(i)
1. Larynx.
2. Left lobe of the thyroid gland.
3. Trachea (windpipe).
4. Oesophagus.
5. Parathyroid glands.
(ii) Structure (2) secretes thyroxin hormone and structure (5) secretes parathormone.
(iii) Enzymes; which constitute the enzyme system of the body.
(iv) Hormones may be proteins, amino acids or steroids.
(v) Iodine is related to the functioning of glands (2) calcium, phosphorus is related to the functioning of the gland (5).

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Biology [5 Mark Question Answer]

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