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Geography [2 Mark Question Answer]

Natural Vegetation · ICSE STD 10 (ICSE - English Medium). 48 questions.

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[2 Mark Question Answer]

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48 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 12 Marks
The Chipko movement was a non-violent agitation in 1973 that was aimed at protection and conservation of trees, but, perhaps, it is best remembered for the collective mobilisation of women for the cause of preserving forests, which also brought about a change in attitude regarding their own status in society. The original Chipkoandolan dates back to the 18th century and was started by Rajasthan's Bishnoi community. The incident has been etched in the annals of history for the sacrifice of a group of villagers, who led by a lady named Amrita Devi, laid down their lives while protecting trees from being felled on the orders of then King of Jodhpur. After this incident, the king, in a royal decree, banned cutting of trees in all Bishnoi villages.
(a) The Chipko movement was a non-violent agitation aimed at protection and conservation of trees. Name any other such movements.
(b) What is the achievement of Chipko Movement?
(c) Name prominent activists in this movement in India.
Answer
(a) Vanmohatsava, Social forestry
(b) This movement aided local traditions, culture, and environmental protection by allowing people to obtain basic necessities from the forest, such as shelter and food for cattle.
(c) Sunderlal Bahuguna, Chandi Prasad Bhatt etc.
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Question 22 Marks
"The forest is a peculiar organism of unlimited kindness and benevolence that makes no demands for its sustenance and extends generously the products of its life activity; it affords protection to all beings, offering shade even to the axe-man who destroys it."
-Gautama Buddha
(a) What led Gautama Buddha say this?
(b) What steps can be taken at individual level to conserve forest?
Answer
(a) Because, the forests always give us benefit by taking away pollutants such as carbon dioxide and produce oxygen and food.
(b) We may plant trees, participate in vanmotsava and chipko movement, keep a watch on illegal deforestation and inform the government authorities about the same.
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Question 32 Marks
We must conserve our forests.
Answer
Forests are the lungs of the world and they play major role in:
(i) Controlling global temperature.
(ii) Preventing soil erosion and impact of floods.
(iii) Improving quality of environment.
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Question 42 Marks
Trees must be planted along sea shores.
Answer
Mangrove trees are generally grown along the sea shore.
We must plant them as:
(i) They protect the coastal areas from the impact of storms and tsunamis.
(ii) They control coastal erosion.
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Question 52 Marks
We must plant trees in desert areas.
Answer
(i) Deserts are infertile and non-productive hence, create poverty.
(ii) If we replant this area with trees producing economically interesting products, we can solve the erosion problem, the climate problem and the food problem.
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Question 62 Marks
We find variety of natural vegetation in India.
Answer
(i) The type of vegetation found in an area, depends upon topography, soil, temperature, rainfall, etc.
(ii) As these factors are not same everywhere, we find variety in vegetation.
For example, in mountainous area of Jammu and Kashmir, we find coniferous forests whereas in Thar desert we find cactus like plants.
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Question 72 Marks
In recent years area under forest is increasing.
Answer
(i) Government has implemented may programmes, like social forestry, agro forestry, etc.
(ii) People have been made aware about forest conservation.
(iii) Deforestation is now legally banned..
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Question 82 Marks
Sundri plant is used to make boat.
Answer
(i) The most important features of Sundri tree are hard, strong and durable wood.
(ii) Moreover, it is water resistant and thus making it suitable for boat building.
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Question 92 Marks
Trees in Mangrove forests have stilted roots.
Answer
As they grow in marshy areas, their roots cannot hold the soil firmly. Hence, to give support to the plant, they have stilted roots.
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Question 102 Marks
Government has banned illegal and indiscriminate cutting of forests.
Answer
(i) With increasing population, area under forest is decreasing posing great environmental threat.
(ii) That is why government has banned it.
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Question 112 Marks
Afforestation must be carried-out on mountain slopes.
Answer
(i) This will increase the area under forest.
(ii) The trees control the speed of water and their roots hold soil, thus reduce soil erosion.
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Question 122 Marks
Tropical evergreen forests are found in Western Coastal and Western Ghats.
Answer
(i) These areas lie in the windward side of the SW monsoon winds, and hence, receive rainfall more than 200 cm.
(ii) They also lie in the tropical belt, and hence the temperature is also higher. As these conditions are favourable for evergreen forests, they grow there.
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Question 132 Marks
North western part of India has thorny vegetation.
Answer
(i) NW part of India lies in desert where SW monsoon winds do not shed much moisture either from the Bay of Bengal branch or by the Arabian sea branch.
(ii) Thus, due to water scarcity, thorny vegetation grows there.
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Question 142 Marks
Desert vegetation is thorny.
Answer
(i) Desert vegetation grows where there is acute scarcity of water and minerals and plants grow here with extreme difficulty.
(ii) Thorns protect them from getting eaten by animals and also help in reducing transpiration.
(iii) Some thorny are green in colour and help in photosynthesis.
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Question 152 Marks
Desert vegetation have long roots and waxy leaves.
Answer
(i) Long roots enable them to absorb water from deep parts of soil.
(ii) Waxy leaves help them to avoid transpiration.
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Question 162 Marks
Deciduous trees shed leaves once a year.
Answer
(i) Deciduous forests grow in the areas receiving the rainfall of 100 to 200 cm.
(ii) Thus there is not sufficient ground water available in summer season due to less percolation of water. That is why trees shed leaves to avoid transpiration and thus drying up.
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Question 172 Marks
Evergreen forests are evergreen.
Answer
(i) Equatorial forests grow in the areas receiving the rainfall more than 200 cm. Hence there is abundant ground water available for trees to absorb.
(ii) Hence they do not shed leaves to stop transpiration. However in case of shedding the leaves, different trees shed their leaves and thus on the whole these forests look evergreen.
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Question 182 Marks
Trees in the equatorial forests grow very tall.
Answer
(i) Equatorial forests grow in the areas receiving the rainfall more than 200 cm and the high temperature regions.
(ii) As the water and sunlight are available in plenty, these forests are dense and trees have to compete for sunlight. Hence, they are taller.
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Question 192 Marks
Equatorial forests are dense.
Answer
(i) Equatorial forests grow in the areas receiving the rainfall more than 200 cm and the high temperature regions.
(ii) As the water and sunlight are available in plenty, these forests are dense.
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Question 202 Marks
Why are forests grown in and around industries especially around iron and steel industries, petrochemical industries and thermal power plants?
Answer
(i) These industries emit a large amount of smoke and contribute to global warming.
(ii) Forests are grown in an around the steel cities to reduce pollution, they also provide basic raw materials.
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Question 212 Marks
Name various movements undertaken towards forest conservation.
Answer
Movements like Vanmahotsava, Social forestry, Agroforestry and Chipko Movement ensure forest conservation through peoples' participation.
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Question 222 Marks
What is forest conservation?
Answer
Forest conservation refers to the planning, maintenance and improvement of forest areas and their protection from destruction and degeneration. It involves judicious use without causing their depletion.
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Question 232 Marks
Name any two economically important trees found in mountain forests state their uses.
Answer
Laurel: Ornamental plant
Spruce: For making paper and packing cases
Chir pine: To make tea chest, extraction of turpentine and resin, (valued for the production of varnishes, resin dissolved in a liquid for applying on wood, metal, or other materials to form a hard, clear, shiny surface when dry adhesives, and food glazing agents.
Deodar: For making furniture, railway sleepers and in construction
Oak: For making furniture and packing cases
Cinchona: Anti-malarial drug
Lichen: Used as spices (Any two trees and their uses)
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Question 242 Marks
(i) Name the major plants found in mountain forests.
(ii) In which areas do we find these forests?
Answer
(i) Major plants in this forests are silver fir, chirpine, deodar, oak, laurel, cinchona and many fruit trees like apples, walnut, etc.
(ii) They are found in the northern Himalayas and also in South India in Nilgiris. Major states where these forests are found are Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Assam, etc.
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Question 252 Marks
State the characteristics of Mountain forests.
Answer
(i) Mixed type of vegetation is found in these forests. It includes deciduous, evergreen, and coniferous type of vegetation. At higher altitude grass and lichen grows.
(ii) The type of vegetation changes with altitude. At the Himalayan foothills, deciduous type of forests is found.
(iii) In the hilly areas of West Bengal and Uttarakhand evergreen variety of trees are found.
(iv) In the peninsular region trees are of tropical to temperate variety.
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Question 262 Marks
Write in short about geographical requirement of montane/mountain vegetation.
Answer
(i) They are found in the areas having a temperature less than 20°C. 12°C to 13°C is ideal for their growth.
(ii) They thrive well where rainfall is about 100 to 300 cm.
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Question 272 Marks
Where do we find tidal forests in India?
Answer
(i) These are found in the deltas of Ganga, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri in the states of West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Tamil Nadu.
(ii) They are also found in Andaman and Nicobar, Islands.
(iii) Also found in western coastal region.
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Question 282 Marks
Explain the economic importance of tidal forests.
Answer
(i) These forests support large scale wild life including tigers, elephants, rhinos and many other animals.
(ii) Many important trees are found here which include:
Sundri which is used to make furniture, telephone post, boats.
Hintal, gorjan, casuarina provide fire wood.
Nypa fruticans is used to obtain biofuel..
Keora is used to make perfume and incense sticks.
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Question 292 Marks
How have deciduous vegetation adopted itself?
Answer
(i) The trees shed their leaves to avoid transpiration of water.
(ii) They are not as dense as tropical evergreen forest, thus each plant can get enough nutrients and water from soil.
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Question 302 Marks
What are the adaptations of tropical desert forests (Xerophytes)?
Answer
(i) They have long roots to absorb as much water as possible.
(ii) Their stem is fleshy and green which stores water and carry-out photosynthesis.
(iii) Small and scaly leaves prevent loss of water.
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Question 312 Marks
State any two characteristics of tidal forests which help them to survive.
Answer
(i) These forests grow in marshy area in coastal regions.
(ii) They have stilted roots which grow from trunk. They give support to plant.
(iii) Their wood is resistant to water. (Any two)
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Question 322 Marks
What are the climatic cum geographical requirement of littoral/mangrove/deltaic/ vegetation?
Answer
(i) They are seen in the areas having average temperature of 25°C to 29°C.
(ii) They thrive well where rainfall is more than 200 cm.
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Question 332 Marks
Enumerate the characteristics of tropical desert vegetation.
Answer
(i) These forests are thin and the trees found here are stunted as the quantity of rainfall is very less.
(ii) They have long roots to absorb water present deep in the soil and small leaves to reduce the transpiration and conserve water.
(iii) They are mostly thorny bushes so that they are not consumed by animals. Their thorns are green which carry out Photosynthesis.
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Question 342 Marks
In what way does desert vegetation useful to us?
Answer
This vegetation supports animal rearing especially sheep rearing and many economically important plants are found here such as:
(i) Neem which is extremely medicinal.
(ii) Khejari the state tree of Rajasthan and its leaves are used as fodder and its wood is used as fire wood.
(iii) Babul plant yields edible gum and firewood.
(iv) Date palm is ornamental and its fruits are edible.
(v) Plum yields edible fruit which has medicinal properties. (Any two trees and their uses)
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Question 352 Marks
Name the major plants found in Tropical thorny/desert/semi desert vegetation. Also mention the major states where these forests are found.
Answer
(i) The major plants found are neem, date palm, babul, khejari, khair, etc.
(ii) These forests are found almost in Western Rajasthan, rain shadow region of Maharashtra, Gujarat and south- west Punjab.
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Question 362 Marks
What are the climatic cum geographical requirement of Tropical thorny/desert/semi desert vegetation?
Answer
(i) They are seen in the areas having average temperature of 25°C to 27°C.
(ii) They thrive well where rainfall is about 25 cm.
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Question 372 Marks
State the importance of Tropical deciduous forests of India.
Answer
Tropical deciduous forests have economically the most important forest of India where trees like
(i) Mulberry is used to rear silkworms.
(ii) Sal is used to make railway sleepers and in construction.
(iii) Teak is used in construction work and making furniture.
(iv) Sandalwood is used to make cosmetics, handicraft articles, oil, perfumes, medicines and help in religious activities.
(v) Myrobalan: Tanning of fibre of cool, cotton and also skin of animal.
(vi) Semal is used to treat blood purification, Leucorrhoea etc.
(vii) Tendu leaves are used to make bidi.
(viii) Mahua is used to make local wine. (Any two trees and their uses)
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Question 382 Marks
Name the major plants found in tropical deciduous forests. Also mention the major states where these forests are found.
Answer
(i) The major plants found in tropical deciduous forests are mahua, mulberry, sal, teak, sandalwood, semal, shisham, mango, jamun, neem, myrobalan, etc.
(ii) These forests are found almost in entire India. Major states include Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, etc.
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Question 392 Marks
What are the climatic cum geographical requirement of tropical deciduous forests?
Answer
(i) They are seen in the areas having average temperature of 24 °C to 27 °C.
(ii) They thrive well where rainfall is about 150 to 200 cm. They grow at various altitudes provided these geographical requirements are met.
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Question 402 Marks
State any two characteristics of tropical deciduous forests.
Answer
(i) In order to conserve water, trees shed their leaves for about 6-8 weeks in early summer.
(ii) Trees are found in pure stands that is same variety of trees are found growing together.
(iii) Commercially, these are the most important forests of India.
(iv) These forests are not dense as tropical evergreen forests but are thicker than thorny forests. (Any two)
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Question 412 Marks
What do you mean by deciduous forest?
Answer
The forest where the trees shed their leaves once a year to avoid transpiration, during unfavourable season are called as deciduous forests.
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Question 422 Marks
State the importance of Tropical evergreen forests of India.
Answer
Tropical evergreen forests have economically important trees, like
(i) Cinchona which is used to make anti-malarial drug.
(ii) Rubber that yields natural rubber.
(iii) Rose wood has natural rose petal colour and is used to make handicraft articles and high quality furniture.
(iv) Ebony is black colour beautiful wood used to make handicraft articles and furniture of high quality. (v) Mahogany is hard wood tree and is used to make musical instruments, boats, furniture, etc.
(vi) Shisham also termed as Indian rose wood is used to make high quality furniture and railway sleepers. (Any two trees and their uses)
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Question 432 Marks
(i) Name the major plants found in Tropical evergreen forests?
(ii) In which part of India, these forests are found?
Answer
(i) Economically important plants such as cinchona, rubber, mahogany, rosewood, ebony, shisham, ironwood, bamboo, etc. are found in tropical evergreen forests.
(ii) Occurrence: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Western Ghats, West Bengal and north-eastern states.
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Question 442 Marks
What are the geographical requirement of tropical evergreen forests?
Answer
Tropical evergreen forests need the following:
(i) Ideal temperature of 24°C to 27°C.
(ii) They grow well in the region where rainfall is more than 200 cm.
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Question 452 Marks
What are the regulatory functions of forests?
Answer
(i) Trees and soil control the atmospheric temperature by the process called evapotranspiration which stabilises the climate. Heat of the atmosphere is absorbed by the water released by plant for evaporation.
(ii) They produce oxygen gas by absorbing carbon dioxide, thus they are useful to reduce the pollution and help in better environment.
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Question 462 Marks
Explain the role of forests in climate control.
Answer
(i) Forests absorb carbon dioxide for the photosynthesis and thus reduce the greenhouse effect. This helps in regulating the temperature.
(ii) Forests cause increase in rainfall of a region.
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Question 472 Marks
What are the productive functions of forests?
Answer
Productive functions are:
(i) We obtain, gum, honey, wood, medicinal plants, etc. from the forests.
(ii) They provide livelihood to great number of the people.
(iii) Economic benefits: Besides provision of wood and other products, they also help in forest tourism.
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Question 482 Marks
What is natural vegetation?
Answer
Natural vegetation refers to the plant life found in a particular area and which is growing there without human interference adopting itself to the natural condition.
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