Question 15 Marks
Find the sum of the following series to n terms:
$1.2.4 + 2.3.7 +3.4.10 + ...$
$1.2.4 + 2.3.7 +3.4.10 + ...$
Answer
View full question & answer→Let $T_n$ be the nth term of the givens series. Then,
$Tn = (n^{th}$ term of $1, 2, 3 ....) \times (n^{th}$ term of $2, 3, 4 ....) \times (n^{th}$ term of $4, 7, 10 ...)$
$= [1 + (n - 1) \times 1][2 + (n - 1) \times 1][4 + (n - 1) \times 3]$
$= [1 + n - 1][2 + n - 1][4 + 3n - 3]$
$= n(n + 1)(3n + 1)$
$= (n^2 + n)(3n + 1)$
$= 3n^3 + n^2 + 3n^2 + n$
$\therefore T_n = 3n^3 + 4n^2 + n$
Let $S_n$ denote the sum to n terms of the given series. Then,
$\text{S}_\text{n}=\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}\text{T}_\text{n}$
$=\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}(3\text{n}^3+4\text{n}^2+\text{n})$
$=\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}3\text{n}^3+\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}4\text{n}^2+\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}\text{n}$
$=3\Big[\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{2}\Big]^2+4\Big[\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)(2\text{n}+1)}{6}\Big]+\Big[\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{2}\Big]$
$=\frac{3}{4}[\text{n}(\text{n}+1)]^2+\frac{2\text{n}(\text{n}+1)(2\text{n})+1}{3}+\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{2}$
$=\frac{9\big[\text{n}(\text{n}+1)\big]^2+8\text{n}(\text{n}+1)(2\text{n}+1)+6\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{12}$
$=\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{12}\big[9\text{n}(\text{n}+1)+8(2\text{n}+1)+6\big]$
$=\frac{\text{n}}{12}(\text{n}+1)\big[9\text{n}^2+9\text{n}+16\text{n}+8+6\big]$
$=\frac{\text{n}}{12}(\text{n}+1)\big[9\text{n}^2+25\text{n}+14\big]$
Hence, $\text{S}_\text{n}=\frac{\text{n}}{12}(\text{n}+1)(9\text{n}^2+25\text{n}+14)$
$Tn = (n^{th}$ term of $1, 2, 3 ....) \times (n^{th}$ term of $2, 3, 4 ....) \times (n^{th}$ term of $4, 7, 10 ...)$
$= [1 + (n - 1) \times 1][2 + (n - 1) \times 1][4 + (n - 1) \times 3]$
$= [1 + n - 1][2 + n - 1][4 + 3n - 3]$
$= n(n + 1)(3n + 1)$
$= (n^2 + n)(3n + 1)$
$= 3n^3 + n^2 + 3n^2 + n$
$\therefore T_n = 3n^3 + 4n^2 + n$
Let $S_n$ denote the sum to n terms of the given series. Then,
$\text{S}_\text{n}=\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}\text{T}_\text{n}$
$=\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}(3\text{n}^3+4\text{n}^2+\text{n})$
$=\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}3\text{n}^3+\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}4\text{n}^2+\sum\limits^{\text{n}}_{\text{n}=1}\text{n}$
$=3\Big[\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{2}\Big]^2+4\Big[\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)(2\text{n}+1)}{6}\Big]+\Big[\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{2}\Big]$
$=\frac{3}{4}[\text{n}(\text{n}+1)]^2+\frac{2\text{n}(\text{n}+1)(2\text{n})+1}{3}+\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{2}$
$=\frac{9\big[\text{n}(\text{n}+1)\big]^2+8\text{n}(\text{n}+1)(2\text{n}+1)+6\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{12}$
$=\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}+1)}{12}\big[9\text{n}(\text{n}+1)+8(2\text{n}+1)+6\big]$
$=\frac{\text{n}}{12}(\text{n}+1)\big[9\text{n}^2+9\text{n}+16\text{n}+8+6\big]$
$=\frac{\text{n}}{12}(\text{n}+1)\big[9\text{n}^2+25\text{n}+14\big]$
Hence, $\text{S}_\text{n}=\frac{\text{n}}{12}(\text{n}+1)(9\text{n}^2+25\text{n}+14)$