Case study (4 Marks)

Question 14 Marks

Column A	Column B
(1) Pioneer species	(a) Entire gradient of communities
(2) Climax species	(b) Spatial pattern
(3) Succession	(c) Quercus
(4) Sere	(d) Crustose lichen

Answer

Column A	Column B
(1) Pioneer species	(d) Crustose lichen
(2) Climax species	(c) Quercus
(3) Succession	(b) Spatial pattern
(4) Sere	(a) Entire gradient of communities

Question 24 Marks

Answer

Question 34 Marks

Column A	Column B
(1) Tansley	(a) 10% law
(2) C. Elton	(b) Ecosystem services
(3) R. Lindemann	(c) Ecological pyramids
(4) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment report	(d) Ecosystem

Answer

Column A	Column B
(1) Tansley	(d) Ecosystem
(2) C. Elton	(b) Ecosystem services
(3) R. Lindemann	(a) 10% law
(4) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment report	(c) Ecological pyramids

Question 44 Marks

Distinguish between : Carbon cycle and phosphorus cycle.

Answer

Carbon cycle	Phosphorus cycle
$1.$ Carbon cycle is a gaseous cycle.	$1.$ Phosphorus cycle is a sedimentary cycle.
$2.$ Carbon cycle has higher speed.	$2.$ Phosphorus cycle is very slow.
$3.$ There is respiratory release of $CO_2$ in carbon cycle.	$3.$ There is no respiratory release of phosphorus.
$4.$ Atmospheric inputs of carbon through rainfall are larger.	$4.$ Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall are much smaller.
$5.$ Exchanges of phosphorus between organism and environment are negligible in carbon cycle due to photosynthesis and respiration.	$5.$ Exchanges of phosphorus between organism and environment are negligible in phosphorus cycle.

Question 54 Marks

Distinguish between : Primary and secondary succession.

Answer

Primary succession	Secondary succession
1. The primary succession starts in the area where no living organisms ever existed.	1. The secondary succession starts in an area which has lost all the living organisms once existed.
2. Areas where primary succession starts are bare rock, newly formed pond, newly cooled lava, etc.	2. Abandoned farm, cut or burnt forest, flooded land’, etc. are areas where secondary succession begins.
3. Primary succession is a very slow process.	3. Secondary succession is comparatively a faster process.

Question 64 Marks

Distinguish between : Natural ecosystem and artificial ecosystem.

Answer

Natural ecosystem	Artificial ecosystem
1. Natural ecosystems are naturally formed.	1. Artificial ecosystems are man made.
2. There are no human inputs in natural ecosystems.	2. Artificial ecosystem is based on all human inputs.
3. Natural ecosystems are self-sustainable.	3. Artificial ecosystems are not self-sustainable.
4. In natural ecosystem, energy and materials are used and reused in cyclic manner. E.g. Ocean, forest, wetlands, estuary.	4. In artificial ecosystem, Energy and materials have to be given by human intervention which requires constant inputs. E.g. Farm land, aquaculture ponds, aquarium in the house.

BIOLOGY Case study (4 Marks)