Chemistry M.C.Q (1 Marks)

Carbohydrates are more suitable for the production of energy in the body then proteins and fats.
Carbohydrate are also stored in the body cells as glycogen and are used for the production of energy whenever required.

A distinct domain in an enzyme molecule may be a catalytic site, allosteric site that binds to the cofactor to form holoenzyme.

​​​​Explanation:
The twocyclichemiacetalformsofglucosediffer only inthe configuration of the hydroxyl group at Cl, called anomeric carbon (the aldehyde carbon before cyclisation). Such isomers, i.e., alpha-form and beta-form, are called anomers.

During an enzymatic reaction, a substrate goes through a transition state before it becomes a product.
It is proposed that the transition state is bound more strongly than either the substrate or the product, however, the transition state is inherently unstable and are transient.

Vitamins are essential components of our diet and are not produced by our body.

A coenzyme or metal ion that is very tightly or even covalently bound to the enzyme protein is called a prosthetic group.
These may be organic or inorganic in nature. For example includes flavin nucleotides and heme.
This accentuates the enzymatic activity.

Enzymes are proteinaceous in nature.
There are intra and intermolecular bonds that hold proteins in their secondary and tertiary structures.
The increase in the temperature over an optimum range leads to the disruption of bonds.
This makes the enzymes sensitive to heat.

Silver mirror test with Tollen's reagent is given by the molecule which contains aldehyde group. But, sucrose has no aldehyde group and rest of the molecule have aldehyde group.
Hence, glucose, fructose and lactose, each gives silver mirror test except sucrose.

Iodine is used in chemistry as an indicator for starch. When starch is mixed with iodine in solution, an intensely dark blue colour develops, representing a starch/iodine complex.
Starch is a substance common to most plant cells and so a weak iodine solution will stain starch present in the cells. Iodine is one component in the staining technique known as Gram staining, used in microbiology.

Nucleic acids are long chain polymers of nucleotides, so they are also called polynucleotides.

Fructose is present in furanose form.

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain in called primary structure of proteins.

Starch is the polysaccharide which is present in roots and seeds of plants.
It is present in all photosynthesis plants. It is present is seeds in form of granules.

Bile salts act as activator of lipase as they emulsify fat globules into smaller droplet like structure called micelles thereby, increasing the surface area accessible to lipid hydrolyzing enzymes.
The bile acids also help to solubilize lipid breakdown products.

Feedback mechanism is a regulatory mechanism for the enzyme action where the end product inhibits the action of the enzyme when its concentration exceeds the need of the cell.
This helps to maintain the homeostasis.