Human Reproduction BIOLOGY - Human Reproduction

The accessory glands of the male gonads are-

Which of the following hormone induces uterine contractions?

In humans, ofter one month of gestation, the embryonic organ develops into-

Seminiferous tubules are composed of:

Sertoli cells are regulated by the pituitary hormone known as:

The process of expelling the fetus from the womb is called ____________ .

Fill in the blanks:
Zygote is _____________. (diploid/ haploid)

Fill in the blanks:
Ovulation is induced by a hormone called _____________.

Identify True/ False statements. Correct each false statement to make it true.
Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (True/ False)

Fill in the blanks:
Zygote divides to form _____________ which is implanted in uterus.

Fill in the blanks:
The structure which provides vascular connection between fetus and uterus is called _____________.

Draw a labelled diagram of sperm.

Write two major functions each of testis and ovary.

What are the major functions of male accessory ducts and glands?

Name the hormones involved in regulation of spermatogenesis.

What are the major components of seminal plasma?

Draw a labelled diagram of a section through ovary.

Draw a labelled diagram of male reproductive system.

How many eggs are released by a human ovary in a month? How many eggs do you think would have been released if the mother gave birth to identical twins? Would your answer change if the twins born were fraternal?

Draw a labelled diagram of a Graafian follicle?

Draw a labelled diagram of female reproductive system.

Name the functions of the following:

1. Corpus luteum.
2. Endometrium.
3. Acrosome.
4. Sperm tail.
5. Fimbriae.

What is menstrual cycle? Which hormones regulate menstrual cycle?

What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.

What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.

Answer the following questions:
At which stage of life does gametogenesis begin in human male and female respectively?

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Corpus luteum secretes the female hormone progesterone.
Reason: After ovulation, a ruptured follicle tums into yellowish solid mass of cells called corpus albicans.

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: At the time of implantation, which takes place in 14 days, the human embryo is called blastocyst.
Reason: Implantation occurs in the gastrula stage.

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Infundibulum is a funnel shaped part closer to ovary.
Reason: The edges of infundibulum helps in collection of the ovum after ovulation.

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: In mammals, the female secondary sexual characters are developed by gonadotropins.
Reason: Gonadotropins are secreted by Graafian follicle.

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Head of sperm consists of acrosome and mitochondria.
Reason: Acrosome contains spiral row of mitochondria.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
In testis, the immature male germ cells produce sperms by spermatogenesis that begins at puberty. It occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Seminiferous tubules are lined by germinal epithelium. Study the schematic representation of spermatogenesis and answer the following questions.

1. Which cell division occurs during multiplication phase?

1. Mitosis.
2. Meiosis I.
3. Meiosis II.
4. Both (b) and (c).

2. How many chromosomes are present in secondary spermatocyte and spermatid, respectively?

1. 46, 23
2. 46, 46
3. 23, 23
4. 23, XY

3. Transformation of L into M is known as:

1. Spermiation.
2. Spermateliosis.
3. Spermatogenesis.
4. None of these.

4. Select the correct option.

1. Type A spermatogonia grows to larger primary spermatocyte.
2. One spermatogonium forms two spermatids.
3. Spenniation is the release of sperms from seminiferous tubules.
4. Primary spermatocyte undergoes mitosis to form secondary spermatocytes.

5. Which hormone acts on spermatogonia to stimulate sperm production?

1. LH.
2. GnRH.
3. ABP.
4. FSH.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Each testicular globule of testis contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules. Wall of each seminiferous tubule is formed of single layered germinal epithelium. Majority of cells in this epithelium are cuboidal, called male germ cells. Study the transverse section of part of seminiferous tubule and answer the following questions.

1. What is the characteristic of K?

1. K is spermatogonium which grows into primary spermatocyte.
2. K is Sertoli cell which provides nutrition to spermatids.
3. K is secondary spermatocyte which undergo meiosis II to form spermatid.
4. K is spermatid being converted into sperm.

2. Which of the following cell undergo reduction division to form secondary spermatocyte?

1. J
2. M
3. L
4. K

3. How many among the following have 46 chromosomes?

1. 2
2. 4
3. 5
4. 3

4. Select an option that correctly identifies different labels.

1. L- Primary spermatocyte, N - Spermatozoa, M - Secondary spermatocyte.
2. J - Spermatogonium, K - Sertoli cell, O - Spermatozoa.
3. L- Primary spermatocyte, M - Secondary spermatocyte, N - Spermatozoa.
4. J - Spermatogonium, K - Primary spermatocyte, N - Spermatid.

5. Which hormone initiates spermatogenesis at puberty?

1. FSH
2. ICSH
3. ABP
4. GnRH

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Study the given table and answer the questions based on it.

	Hormone	Source	Function
(A)	Oxytocin	W	Ejection of milk
(B)	X	Anterior lobe of pituitary gland	Stimulates secretion of ABP from Sertoli cells
(C)	Y	Placenta	Maintains corpus luteum to secrete progesterone
(D)	Relaxin	Ovary	Z

1. Identify the hormones X and Y, respectively.

1. Testosterone, FSH.
2. LH, hPL.
3. FSH, hCG.
4. ICSH, hCG.

2. W in the given table is:

1. Hypothalamus.
2. Posterior lobe of pituitary.
3. Placenta.
4. Ovary.

3. Which of the following is correct for Z?

1. Dilation of uterine cervix during labour pains.
2. Stimulates the growth of the mammary glands during pregnancy.
3. Supports the fetal growth and prevents desiccation.
4. Forms protective plug in cervix of uterus during pregnancy.

4. Which set of hormones is secreted only during pregnancy?

1. Human chorionic gonadotropin, relax in and human placental lactogen.
2. Human placental lactogen, estrogen and chorionic thyrotropin.
3. Human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen and progesterone.
4. Chorionic thyrotropin, chorionic gonadotropin and estrogen.

5. Assertion: Follicle stimulating hormone controls the maintenance and functions of male reproductive organs.

Reason: FSH acts directly on spermatogonia to stimulate sperm production.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

During copulation, semen is released by the penis into the vagina. 'The motile sperms swim rapidly, fuse with ovum in the ampullary region, resulting in fertilisation. Haploid nucleus of sperm fuse with that of ovum to form diploid zygote.

1. In female genital tract, sperms are made capable of fertilising the egg. This phenomenon of sperm activation is called:

1. Amphimixis.
2. Cortical reaction.
3. Capacitation.
4. Acrosomal reaction.

2. Select the correct sequence of various physical and chemical events that take place during fertilisation.

16. Fusion of cortical granules with plasma membrane of secondary oocyte.
17. Formation of fertilisation cone to receive sperm.
18. Release of sperm lysin from acrosome.
19. Mixing up of chromosomes of a sperm and an ovum.

1. R → Q → P → S
2. Q → S → R → P
3. Q → R → S → P
4. R → P → Q → S

3. Assertion: Only one sperm can fertilise an ovum.

Reason: The secretion of acrosome help the sperm to enter into cytoplasm of ovum through zona pellucida and plasma membrane.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

4. What is the significance of fertilisation?

1. It restores haploid number of chromosomes.
2. It produces offspring genetically identical to parents.
3. It initiates cleavage.
4. Both (b) and (c).

5. Site of fertilisation in humans is:

1. Endometrium of uterine cavity.
2. Ampullary isthmic junction of oviduct.
3. Cervix of uterus.
4. Infundibulum of fallopian tube.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Human male reproductive system comprises of a pair of testes, primary sex organs associated with formation of gametes and production of sex hormone. Study the given figure of human male reproductive system and answer the following questions.

1. Which of the following is correct for labelled part P?

1. P is rete testis which transports sperms to outside.
2. P is epididymis which secretes fluid that nourish the sperms.
3. P is epididymis that carry sperms and secretion of seminal vesicles.
4. P is rete testis, which lies along inner side of each testis and stores the sperms.

2. Identify the correctly matched pair.

1. Q - Vasa efferentia.
2. R - Ejaculatory duct.
3. S - Seminal vesicle.
4. T - Cowper's gland.

3. Which statement is incorrect for Q?

1. It carries spermatozoa from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.
2. Q are only 2 in number.
3. It arises from rete testis.
4. It constitutes male sex accessory duct.

4. Which structure passes through the prostate gland and carries sperms and secretion of seminal vesicle?

1. P.
2. T.
3. S.
4. R.

5. Assertion: Mucus present in secretion of bulbourethral gland decreases the number of sperms damaged during ejaculation.

Reason: Mucus lubricates the end of penis and lining of the urethra.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.