X-rays Physics - X-rays

The X-ray beam emerging from an X-ray tube:

1. Is monochromatic.
2. Has all wavelengths smaller than a certain maximum wavelength.
3. Has all wavelengths greater than a certain minimum wavelength.
4. Has all wavelengths lying between a minimum and a maximum wavelength.

50% of the X-ray coming from a Coolidge tube is able to pass through a 0.1mm thick aluminium foil. The potential difference between the target and the filament is increased. The thickness of the aluminium foil that will allow 50% of the X-ray to pass through will be:

1. zero
2. < 0.1mm
3. 0.1mm
4. > 0.1mm

Visible light passing through a circular hole forms a diffraction disc of radius 0.1mm on a screen. If an X-ray is passed through the same setup, the radius of the diffraction disc will be:

1. zero
2. < 0.1mm
3. 0.1mm
4. > 0.1m

One of the following wavelengths is absent and the rest are present in the X-rays coming from a Coolidge tube. Which one is the absent wavelength?

1. 25pm
2. 50pm
3. 75pm
4. 100pm

Can a hydrogen atom emit characteristic X-rays?

The X-ray coming from a Coolidge tube has a cutoff wavelength of 80pm. Find the kinetic energy of the electrons hitting the target.

Can X-rays be polarized?

Find the maximum potential difference which may be applied across an X-ray tube with tungsten target without emitting any characteristic K or L X-ray. The energy levels of the tungsten atom with an electron knocked out are as follows.

Cell containing vacancy	K	L	M
Energy in keV	69.5	11.3	2.3

X-ray and visible light travel at the same speed in vacuum. Do they travel at the same speed in glass?

The distance between the cathode (filament) and the target in an X-ray tube is 1.5m. If the cutoff wavelength is 30pm, find the electric field between the cathode and the target.

Find the energy, the frequency and the momentum of an X-ray photon of wavelength 0.10nm.

If the operating potential in an X-ray tube is increased by 1%, by what percentage does the cutoff wavelength decrease?

Characteristic X-rays may be used to identify the element from which they are being emitted. Can continuous X-rays be used for this purpose?

When a Coolidge tube is operated for some time it becomes hot. Where does the heat come from?