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Heredity and Evolution Science - Heredity and Evolution

UP Board (UPMSP) - STD 10 - Science (UPMSP - English Medium). 525 questions in this chapter.

Question types

Heredity and Evolution question types

525 questions across 9 question groups — pick any mix to generate a Science paper with step-by-step answer keys.

525
Questions
9
Question groups
5
Question types
Sample Questions

Heredity and Evolution questions

One sample from each question group in this chapter. Select any group above to see the full set with answer keys.

Q 1M.C.Q1 Mark
Height of a plant is regulated by :
  • A
    DNA which is directly influenced by growth hormone.
  • B
    Genes which regulate the proteins directly.
  • ✓
    Growth hormones under the influence of the enzymes coded by a gene.
  • D
    Growth hormones directly under the influence a gene.

Answer: C.

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Q 2M.C.Q1 Mark
If the ratio of each phenotype of the seeds of pea plants in the $F_2$ generation is $\{9 : 3 : 3 : 1\},$ it is known as :
  • A
    Tetrahybrid ratio.
  • B
    Monohybrid ratio.
  • ✓
    Dihybrid ratio.
  • D
    Trihybrid ratio.

Answer: C.

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Q 3M.C.Q1 Mark
The two versions of a trait $($character$)$ which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on :
  • ✓
    Copies of the same chromosome.
  • B
    Sex chromosomes.
  • C
    Two different chromosomes.
  • D
    Any chromosomes.

Answer: A.

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Q 4M.C.Q1 Mark
The dwarf trait of the $F_1$ generation pea plants observed in Mendel's experiments is a $ ........... $ character :
  • ✓
    Recessive
  • B
    Dominant
  • C
    Incomplete dominant
  • D
    Codominant

Answer: A.

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Q 5M.C.Q1 Mark
A cross between a tall plant $(TT)$ and short pea plant $(tt)$ resulted in progeny that were all tall plants because :
  • ✓
    Tallness is the dominant trait.
  • B
    Shortness is the dominant trait.
  • C
    Tallness is the recessive trait.
  • D
    Height of pea plant is not governed by gene $'T\ ’$ or $'t\ ’.$

Answer: A.

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Q 6Assertion - Reasoning (1 Marks)1 Mark
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as :
Assertion : All the female gemetes will have only $X-$ chromosome.
Reason : Females are homogametic with two $X$ chromosomes.
  • ✓
    If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
  • B
    If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
  • C
    If Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
  • D
    If Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

Answer: A.

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Q 7Assertion - Reasoning (1 Marks)1 Mark
For two statements are given $-$ one labelled Assertion $(A)$ and the other labelled Reason $(R)$. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $\ce{(a), (b), (c)}$ and $(d)$ as given below :
Assertion : ln grasshoppers, females are hetero gametic and males are homo gametic.
Reason : ln grasshoppers, male has only one sex chromosome $(XO)$ whereas the female has sex chromosomes $(XX).$
  • A
    Both $A$ and $R$ are true, and $R$ is correct explanation of the assertion.
  • B
    Both $A$ and $R$ are true, but $R$ is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
  • C
    $A$ is true, but $R$ is false.
  • ✓
    $A$ is false, but $R$ is true.

Answer: D.

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Q 8Assertion - Reasoning (1 Marks)1 Mark
For two statements are given $-$ one labelled Assertion $(A)$ and the other labelled Reason $(R)$. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $\ce{(a), (b), (c)}$ and $(d)$ as given below :
Assertion : ln some reptiles, the temperature at which fertilised egg is incubated before hatching plays a role in determining sex of offspring.
Reason : In turtle, high incubation temperature above $33^\circ C$ leads to development of female offspring whereas in lizards high incubation temperature results in male offspring.
  • A
    Both $A$ and $R$ are true, and $R$ is correct explanation of the assertion.
  • ✓
    Both $A$ and $R$ are true, but $R$ is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
  • C
    $A$ is true, but $R$ is false.
  • D
    $A$ is false, but $R$ is true.

Answer: B.

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Q 9Assertion - Reasoning (1 Marks)1 Mark
For two statements are given$-$ one labelled
Assertion $(A)$ and the other labelled
Reason $(R)$. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below:
Assertion: If blood group of both mother and father is $'O'$ then the blood group of children will also be $O .$
Reason: Blood group in humans is determined by many alleles of a gene viz. $1^{ A }, 1^{ B }, 1^{ D }$.
  • A
    Both $A$ and $R$ are true, and $R$ is correct explanation of the assertion.
  • ✓
    Both $A$ and $R$ are true, but $R$ is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
  • C
    $A$ is true, but $R$ is false.
  • D
    $A$ is false, but $R$ is true.

Answer: B.

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Q 10Assertion - Reasoning (1 Marks)1 Mark
For two statements are given $-$ one labelled Assertion $(A)$ and the other labelled Reason $(R)$. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $\ce{(a), (b), (c)}$ and $(d)$ as given below :
Assertion : A tall plant which always produces tall offsprings is considered heterozygous for height and is represented by genotype $(Tt).$
Reason : A tall plant which always produces tall offspring is homozygous dominant and will always produce only one type of gamete $(T).$
  • A
    Both $A$ and $R$ are true, and $R$ is correct explanation of the assertion.
  • B
    Both $A$ and $R$ are true, but $R$ is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
  • C
    $A$ is true, but $R$ is false.
  • ✓
    $A$ is false, but $R$ is true.

Answer: D.

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Q 15Fill in the blank1 Mark
The human forelimb and bat’s forelimb are an example of ________ organs whereas an insect’s wing and a bat’s wing are an example of _______ organs.
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Q 19True-False1 Mark
Interbreeding among individuals of different populations of a species maintains a free flow of genes in these populations. [True/ False]
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Q 21[1 Mark Questions]1 Mark
In the F generation of a cross, progeny having different traits are produced in the ratio 3 : 1. State whether it is a monohybrid cross or a dihybrid cross? Give one example of such a cross.
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Q 31[3 Mark Questions]3 Marks
‘‘It is a matter of chance whether a couple will give birth to a male child or a female child.’’ Justify this statement with the help of a flow chart showing the fusion of sex chromosomes.
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Q 33[3 Mark Questions]3 Marks
A study found that children with light-coloured eyes are likely to have parents with light-coloured eyes. On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not?
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Q 34[3 Mark Questions]3 Marks
How is the refractive index of a medium related to the speed of light? Give an expression for refractive index of a medium with respect to another in terms of speed of light in these two media?
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Q 39[5 marks Questions]5 Marks
An animal (guinea pig) having black colour is crossed with guinea pig having the same colour.
They produced 100 offsprings, of which 75 were black and 25 were white.
Find out
  1. What is the possible genotype?
  2. Which trait is dominant and which is recessive?
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Q 40[5 marks Questions]5 Marks
  1. What is the law of dominance of traits? Explain with an example.
  2. Why are the traits acquired during the life time of an individual not inherited? Explain.
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Q 41case /data -based (4 Marks)4 Marks
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. CKD is also known as chronic renal disease. With increasing life expectancy and prevalence of life style diseases, US has seen a $30 \%$ increase in prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the last decade. Unfortunately, from India there is no longitudinal study and limited data on the prevalence of CKD.
In western countries, diabetes and hypertension account for over $2 / 3^{\text {rd }}$ of the cases of CKD. In India too, diabetes and hypertension today account for 40-60\% cases of CKD. As per recent Indian Council of Medical Research data, prevalence of diabetes in Indian adult population has risen to $7.1 \%$, (varying from $5.8 \%$ in Jharkhand to $13.5 \%$ in Chandigarh) and in urban population (over the age of 40 years) the prevalence is as high as $28 \%$. Likewise, the reported prevalence of hypertension in the adult population today is $17 \%$ (14.8\% from rural and $21.4 \%$ from urban belt). A similar prevalence of $17.4 \%$ has been reported by Panesar et al. (in the age group of 20-59 years) even from slum-resettlement colony of Delhi. With rising prevalence of these diseases in India, prevalence of CKD is expected to rise and obviously, this is the key target population to address.
A study published in this issue is from a rural belt of Karnataka. The population had a mean age of $39.88$ ± $15.87$ years with $3.82 \%$ prevalence of diabetes and $33.62 \%$ of hypertension. Authors found $6.3 \%$ prevalence of CKD stage 3; which is the highest reported till date by any Indian worker. It is disturbing to note, the high prevalence of hypertension in a rural setting where over $75 \%$ population had normal or low body mass index.
In comparison to most other published studies from India, the present study population is younger and even the prevalence of diabetes is low but surprisingly despite that prevalence of stage 3 CKD is reported to be higher $(6.3 \%)$. It is disturbing to see the rising prevalence of hypertension and CKD in rural belts. Possibly, with shifting population the difference between urban and rural areas is getting blurred. Undoubtedly, we need more Indian data to validate these findings.
(i) What is CKD ?
(ii) What are the major causes of CKD ?
(iii) In which segment of society is CKD more prevalent?
or
(iv) What is the highest percentage of CKD reported?
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Q 42case /data -based (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).Sex determination is the method by which distinction between males and females is established in a species. The sex of an individual is determined by specific chromosomes. These chromosomes are called sex chromosomes or allosomes. X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes. The normal chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes of an individual are known as autosomes.
  1. What are sex chromosomes?
     
  2. A couple has six daughters. What is the possibility of their having a girl next time?
     
  3. Write number of autosomes present in liver cells of a human female?
    OR
  4. Write examples of XX-XO type of sex determination and XX-XY type of sex determination?
     
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Q 43case /data -based (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).In human, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant over that for blue eyes (b). A brown eyed woman marries a blue eyed man, and they have six children. Four of the children are brown eyed and two of them are blue eyed.
  1. What is the genotype of blue eyed offspring?
     
  2. What is the woman's genotype?
     
  3. a) The ovum, produced by the mother carries the gene regarding eye colour?
    b) What is the gene carried by of the man's spenn regarding the eye colour?

    OR
     
  4. The ratio of brown eyed children to blue eyed children in this family is 2 : I, which deviates from typical phenotypic ratios for monohybrid inheritance. What might be the reason?
     
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Q 44case /data -based (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).ln fruit flies, the gene for wing shape has two alleles, an unusual allele for curled wings (c) and the normal allele for straight wings (C). The given phenotypes are observed for each genotype.
Genotype
Phenotype
CC
Normal, straight wings
Cc
Wings curled up at the ends, has difficulty flying
cc
 Unable to hatch from egg
  1. Which crosses would produce live offspring from 50% of the eggs?
     
  2. Which crosses would be able to produce offspring that would fly normally from 50% of the egg?
     
  3. A) Two curly winged flies are crossed, and they produce 150 eggs. What is the proportion of straight-winged flies expected among the live offspring?

    B) Normal straight winged flies are self crossed and they produce 120 eggs. What is the proportion of curly winged flies expected among the live offspring?

    OR
     
  4. Which crosses would be able to produce offspring that has curled wings only?
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Q 45case /data -based (4 Marks)4 Marks

Reproduction in human beings is by sexual reproduction where both the male and female gametes fertilise to give rise to an embryo. The fertilization of the human embryo occurs inside the body of the female.

(i) Name the part of the male reproductive system where the formation of sperms takes place.
(ii) What is the placenta?
(iii) What is the other name of the oviduct?
or
(iv) Define the term implantation.
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