48 questions · self-marked practice — reveal the answer and mark yourself.
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S. No
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Homopolysaccharide
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Heteropolysaccharide
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(a)
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They are the complex carbohydrates formed by the polymerisation of one type of monosaccharide units.
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They are the complex carbohydrates formed by the polymerisation of more than one type of monosaccharide units.
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(b)
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e.g., starch, glycogen and cellu ose.
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e.g., chitin and agar.
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S. No.
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Primary Metabolites
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Secondary Metabolites
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1.
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These are the metabolites which have identifiable functions and play a specific role in the metabolism.
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These are the metabolites formed during metabolism whose role or exact functions in the tissue are not known.
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2.
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These are important in human metabolic processes, e.g., Amino acids, sugars, etc.
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These are useful to human welfare, e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils,etc.
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S. No
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Primary Metabolites
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Secondary Metabolites
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(a)
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These are the metabolites which have identifiable functions and play a specific role in the metabolism.
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These are the metabolites formed during metabolism whose role or exact functions in the tissue are not known.
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(b)
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These are important in human metabolic processes. e.g., amino acids, sugars.
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These are useful to human welfare.
e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils.
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S. No.
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Protein
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Function
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(a)
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Collagen
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Intercellular ground substance
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(b)
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Antibody
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Fight infectious agents
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(c)
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Insulin
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Enzyme
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(d)
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GLUT-4
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Enables glucose transport into cells
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S. No
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Prosthetic group
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Cofactor
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(a)
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It is the non-protein part or the group which gets permanently attached to the enzyme.
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It is the non-protein substance or group which gets attached to the enzyme, temporarily or permanently.
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(b)
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Prosthetic groups are organic factors, but some are metallic also like Iron, prophyrin of the cytochromes.
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These can be organic, inorganic or metallic factors.
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S. No
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Ligases
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Lyases
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(a)
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These are the enzymes which catalyse the covalent bonding between two substrates to form a large molecule.
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These are the enzymes which catalyse the cleavage of specific covalent bonds in a large molecule to form smaller molecules without the addition of water.
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S. No.
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Essential Amino Acids
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Non-essential Amino Acids
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1.
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Those amino acids which the living body cannot synthesise, are called essential amino acids.
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Those amino acids which the living body can synthesise, are called non-essential amino acids.
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2.
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Dietary proteins form the source of essential amino acids.
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They need not be taken in the diet.
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S. No
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Reducing Sugars
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Non-Reducing Sugars
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(a)
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The sugars have a free aldehyde or ketone group. The sugars can reduce cupric ions of Benedict's or Fehling's solution to cuprous ions.
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A free aldehyde or ketone group is absent. They do not reduce cupric ions of Benedict's or Fehling's solution to cuprous ions.
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(b)
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e.g., ribose, glucose, erythose.
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e.g., sucrose, maltose, lactose
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S. No
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Purine
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Pyrimidine
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(a)
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Purines are large sized nitrogen containing biomolecules.
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Pyrimidines are smaller sized nitrogen containing biomolecules.
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(b)
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It is nine membered and has a double ring. A purine contains four nitrogen atoms at 1', 3', 7'
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It is 6 membered and has a single ring. A pyrimidine has nitrogen atoms at two places -1’ and 3' and 9'.
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(c)
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e.g., adenine and guanine.
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e.g., cytosine, thymine and uracil.
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