${H^ + } + {e^ - } \to \frac{1}{2}{H_2}$ માટે ન્નસ્ટ સમીકરણ લાગુ પડતાં ,
${E_{\operatorname{Re} d}} = {E^0} - \frac{{0.0592}}{n}\,\,\log \,\,\frac{1}{{[{H^ + }]}} = \,\,0 + \frac{{0.0592}}{1}\,\,\log 0.1$
$= -0.0592 = -0.0592$ વૉલ્ટ
$ E_{Oxi} = + 0.05912$ વૉલ્ટ
આપેલ $: \frac{2.303 RT }{ F }=0.06 V$
$Pd _{( aq )}^{2+}+2 e ^{-} \rightleftharpoons Pd ( s ) \quad E ^{\circ}=0.83\,V$
$PdCl _4^{2-}( aq )+2 e ^{-} \rightleftharpoons Pd ( s )+4 Cl ^{-}( aq )$
$E ^{\circ}=0.65\,V$
$\mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7{ }^{2-}+14 \mathrm{H}^{+}+6 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}+7 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{E}^{\circ}=1.33 \mathrm{~V}$
$\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe} \mathrm{E}^{\circ}=-0.04 \mathrm{~V}$
$\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ni} \mathrm{E}^{\circ}=-0.25 \mathrm{~V}$
$\mathrm{Ag}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ag} \mathrm{E}^{\circ}=0.80 \mathrm{~V}$
$\mathrm{Au}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Au} \mathrm{E}^{\circ}=1.40 \mathrm{~V}$
આપેલી ઇલેક્ટ્રોકેમિસ્ટ્રી પ્રતિક્રિયાઓને લઈને, જે ધાતુ(ઓ) આકસ્મિક થશે તેનું ક્રોમિયમ ઓક્સાઇડ અમળમાં $\mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7{ }^{2-}$ ના મૂળ્ય છે. . . . . .