$298 \,K \,NH_3$$_{(g)}$ અને $H_2O_{(l)}$ ની નિર્માણ ઉષ્મા અનુક્રમે $-46.0$ અને $-286.0\, kJ \,mol^{-}$ છે.
${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\mkern 1mu} + {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \frac{{\text{1}}}{{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\mkern 1mu} \to {\mkern 1mu} {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \Delta {H_2}{\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{ - }}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{286}}\,{\text{KJ}}$
$\,{\text{4N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\, + \,\,{\text{3}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\, \to \,\,{\text{2}}{{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}}\, + \,\,{\text{6}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O,}}\,\,\Delta {\text{H}}\,\, = \,\,{\text{?}}$
$\begin{gathered}
\Delta {\text{H}}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{6}}\Delta {\mkern 1mu} {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\mkern 1mu} {\text{ - }}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{4}}{\mkern 1mu} \Delta {\mkern 1mu} {{\text{H}}_{\text{1}}}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \hfill \\
\Rightarrow {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \Delta {\text{H}}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{6( - 286)}}{\mkern 1mu} {\text{ - }}{\mkern 1mu} {\text{4}}{\mkern 1mu} {\text{( - 46)}}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \hfill \\
= {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{ - }}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{1716}}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} + {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{184 }}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \hfill \\
\therefore {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \Delta {\text{H}}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{ - }}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\text{1532}}{\mkern 1mu} \,{\text{KJ}} \hfill \\
\end{gathered} $
જો $C_v = 28 \, J\,K^{-1}\, mol^{-1}$ હોય તો $\Delta U$ અને $\Delta pV$ ગણો. $(R = 8.0\, J\, K^{-1}\, mol^{-1})$
$2{C_8}{H_{18}}(g) + 25{O_2}(g) \to 16C{O_2}(g) + 18{H_2}O(g).$
ત્યારે $\Delta H,\,\Delta S$ અને $\Delta G$ની નિશાની .......... હશે.
$Cl_2(g) \to 2Cl(g), 242.3\, kJ\, mol^{-1}$
$I_2(g) \to 2I(g), 151.0\, kJ\, mol^{-1}$
$ICl(g) \to I(g) + Cl(g), 211.3 kJ\, mol^{-1}$
$I_2(s) \to I_2(g), 62.76\, kJ\, mol^{-1}$
આયોડિન અને ક્લોરીન ની પ્રમાણિત અવસ્થા અનુક્રમે $I_2(s)$ અને $Cl_2(g)$ આપેલ છે,$ICl(g)$ માટે રચનાની પ્રમાણિત એન્થાલ્પી .............. $\mathrm{kJ\,mol}^{-1}$
$2Ag_{(aq)}^ + + c{d_{(s)}} \to cd_{(aq)}^{2 + } + 2A{g_{(s)}}$