b
(b) Initial length (circumference) of the ring $= 2$$\pi$$r$
Final length (circumference) of the ring $= 2$$\pi$$R $
Change in length $= 2$$\pi$$R -2$$\pi$$r.$
${\rm{strain}} = \frac{{{\rm{change in length}}}}{{{\rm{original length}}}}$$ = \frac{{2\pi (R - r)}}{{2\pi r}}$$ = \frac{{R - r}}{r}$
Now Young's modulus $E = \frac{{F/A}}{{l/L}} = \frac{{F/A}}{{(R - r)/r}}$
$\Rightarrow $ $F = AE\left( {\frac{{R - r}}{r}} \right)$