A1. Simple Factual Activities: Complete the sentences using the information given in the passage: (1) The ___________ spurred a revolution. (2) Davy and William Wollaston were trying to re-create ___________. Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday. Then Faraday got another chance to prove himself. One day Davy tried to re-create a famous electromagnetism experiment with fellow chemist William Wollaston, exploring why when an electric current is applied to a wire, it causes that wire to behave like a magnet. Obviously, the forces were connected but nobody had figured out how to make it happen continuously. Davy believed that if he could find out why it happened and controlled it, there could be many practical applications of the force. But he was unable to figure it out and was frustrated. He then teased Faraday, asking him to try his hand at it after he was done cleaning the lab. Within a few days, Faraday solved the problem In fact, he went further and the result was the first induction motor, which converted electrical current into continuous mechanical motion. The induction motor spurred a revolution. Fans air conditioning, sewing machines, photographs, power tools, cars and even trains and aeroplane engines grew out of this simple device which was born out of mockery directed at Faraday. A2. Complex Factual Activity: (1) What happens when an electric current is applied to a wire? (2) An induction motor is a commonly used electrical machine. What examples of its use are given here? A3. Activities based on Vocabulary: Write the words/phrases related to electricity from the passage. A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar: Do as directed: (1) Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday. (Choose the correct question tag.) (a), didn't he? (b), have he? (c), does he? (d), did he? (2) He needed an assistant. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part of the sentence as an answer.) A5. Personal Response: Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday.

A1. Simple Factual Activities: (1) The induction motor spurred a revolution. (2) Davy and William Wollaston were trying to re-create a famous electromagnetism experiment. A2. Complex Factual Activities: (1) When an electric current is applied to a wire, it causes that wire to behave like a magnet and the forces are connected. (2) The induction motor is used in fans, air conditioning, sewing machines, photographs, power tools, cars and even trains and aeroplane engines. A3. Activities based on Vocabulary: (1) electromagnetism, electric current, wire, electric force, electrical current, induction motor. A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar: (1) (d) did he? (2) What did he need? A5. Personal Response: Faraday wanted to be a great scientist. But Davy dismissed all his aspirations in the field of science. He made Faraday his secretary then his lab assistant. Faraday worked day and night and learnt about Davy's experiments. Even after doing such hard work and getting knowledge and experience Davy was not hopeful about Faraday's scientific career, because of his social status and education.

A1. Simple Factual Activities: Complete the sentences using the i…

A1. Simple Factual Activities:
Name the following :
(1) The state where Raza was born -
(2) The institute where he studied art -
(3) The institute where he took his higher education in Mumbai -
(4) The country he settled -

Raza was born in a small village in Madhya Pradesh. He began to paint from the age of twelve. He studied art at the ‘Chitrakala Mahavidyalaya’ at Nagpur and then at the J. J. School of Art in Mumbai. Later, he went to France to study Art. After a few years, he decided to settle in France. His wife was French. He won many national and international awards. He was honoured with all the three Padma awards - Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan. With all the awards and honours, his paintings were exploring a spiritual, metaphysical path. Gradually, the ‘bindu’ or point came to be the core of his paintings. He described his work in these words - My work is my own inner experience and involvement with the mysteries of nature and form which is expressed in colour, line, space and light’.
Sometimes, an artist’s thoughts appear to be too complex or even complicated when they are expressed through words. For him, the effective medium of communication is his work - his paintings. Raza had great creativity. His paintings are very expressive. This great artist passed away on 23 July 2016 at the age of 94, leaving behind a legacy of sensitive paintings (achieved through extra-ordinary compositions of lines and colours) that depict extra-ordinary compositions.

A2. Complex Factual Activity:
(1) What are Raza's paintings based on? How did he describe his work?
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
Find out antonyms from the passage for the following words:
(1) outer ×
(2) city ×
(3) ordinary ×
(4) international ×
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Change the voice:
(1) He was honoured with all the three Padma awards - dPadma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan.
(2) Raza left behind a legacy of sensitive paintings.
A5. Personal Response:
What are the essential things required to become a good painter?

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements:
Statements
(1) A little boy Franz is narrating the story.
(2) Mr. Hamel is the teacher in Franz's school.
(3) Franz had learnt all his participles well.
(4) All bad news had come from the bulletin board which was kept in front of Franz's school.

I started for school very late that morning and was in great dread of a scolding, especially because M. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles, and I did not know the first word about them. For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day out of doors. It was so warm, so bright ! The birds were chirping at the edges of the woods; and in the open field back of the sawmill the Prussian soldiers were drilling.
When I passed the town hall there was a crowd in front of the bulletin board. For the last two years all our bad news had come from there. I thought myself. “What can be the matter now ?”
Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go, the blacksmith, Watcher, who was there with his apprentice, reading the bulletin, called after me :
“Don’t go so fast, boy; you’ll get to your school in plenty of time !”
I thought he was making fun of me, and reached M. Hamel’s little garden all out of breath.
Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard out in the street - the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud, and the teacher’s great ruler rapping on the table. But now it was all so still !
Through the window I saw my classmates, already in their place, and M. Hamel walking up and down with his terrible iron ruler under his arm. I had to open the door and go in before everybody. You can imagine how I blushed and how frightened I was.
But nothing happened. M. Hamel saw me and said very kindly :"
“Go to your place quickly, little Franz. We were beginning without you.”

A2. Complex Factual Activities:
Write the meaning of the following words :
(1) Sawmill machinery - ___________
(2) Prussian - ___________
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
Write the meaning of the following words :
(1) Sawmill machinery - ___________
(2) Prussian - ___________
(3) Apprentice - ___________
(4) bustle - ___________
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Frame a Wh-question to get underlined answer:
(1) The birds were chirping at the edges of the woods.
(2) The blacksmith was there with his apprentice.
A5. Personal Response:
What is the scene like when your own school begins? Describe it in short.

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
Complete the sentences using the information from the passage:
(1) At the end of ten years, they ______________.
(2) How little is needed for one to be ______________
(3) Mathilde played her part ______________.
(4) She came to know the ______________.

From then on, Madame Loisel knew the horrible life of the very poor. But she played her part heroically. The dreadful debt must be paid. She would pay it. They dismissed their maid; they changed their lodgings; they rented a garret under the roof.
She came to know the drudgery of housework, the odious labours of the kitchen. She washed the dishes, the dirty linen, she carried the garbage down to the street every morning, and carried up the water, stopping at each landing to catch her breath and dressed like a commoner. She had to bargain at markets, quarrel and face insults over every miserable sou.
Each month they had to pay some loans, renew others, get more time.
Her husband worked extra, every evening, doing accounts for a tradesman, and often, late into the night, he sat copying a manuscript at five sous a page.
And this life lasted ten years. At the end of ten years they had paid off everything, even the interest.
Madame Loisel looked old now. Often, she brooded over the past - What would have happened if she had not lost that necklace ? How strange life is, how fickle ! How little is needed for one to be ruined or saved !

A2. Complex Factual Activities:
(1) How did life of Mathilde change after the horrible incident?
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
Write from the passage the phrases related to 'housework'.
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Change the following sentences in passive voice:
(1) They dismissed their maid.
(2) They rented a garret under the roof.
A5. Personal Response:
Write what you think about the following actions of Mathilde:
(1) Mathilde worked very very hard to pay the debt.

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
Write down the relation between the characters given below:
(1) Sycorax and Caliban - ___________
(2) Alonso and Sebastian - ___________

Prospero was a great magician, for his life had been devoted to the study of magic. The power of his art enabled him to set free the imprisoned spirits, of whom Ariel was the chief. The spirits were so grateful to Prospero that they promised to be ever obedient to his will.
In the woods nearby, Prospero found Caliban, a twisted, ugly monster. He was the son of Sycorax, the witch. Caliban became Prospero’s servant. Apart from being hideous and horrible in appearance, he was also vicious and brutal in his habits. No matter how hard he tired, Prospero could not make him change his ways for the better. And so it was Ariel’s job to see that he carried out his tasks properly.
Time passed, and Miranda grew up to be a sweet and beautiful girl. The spirits of the island were loyal and faithful to Prospero, who ruled them wisely and well.
Now, it came to pass that Alonso, king of Naples, his brother Sebastian and Antonio, the wicked brother of Prospero were sailing in a ship, close to the enchanted island. The ship was also carrying Prince Ferdinand of Naples, and the old, loyal courtier Gonzalo. The entire party was returning after the marriage celebrations of their Princess in a far-off kingdom.
Knowing that his enemies were near his island, Prospero raised a great tempest with the power of his magic. The royal ship was turned and tossed on the stormy waves. It seemed as if it would sink any moment, along with all the people on board.

A2. Complex Factual Activity:
What good deed did Prospero do on the enchanted island?
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
(1) disillusioned × ___________
(2) kindhearted × ___________
(3) thankless × ___________
(4) sympathetic × ___________
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Identify the tense :
(1) The ship was carrying Prince Ferdinand of Naples.
(2) He had devoted his life to the study of magic.
A5. Personal Response:
Why did Prospero raise a great tempest?

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
Complete the following sentences:
(1) The writer and her teacher were attracted by ______________.
(2) As the cool stream gushed over Helen's hand, she realised that water meant ______________.

We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle with which it was covered. Someone was drawing water and my teacher placed my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled into the other the word water, first slowly, then rapidly. I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten - a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. I knew then that ‘w-a-t-e-r’ meant the wonderful cool something that was flowing over my hand. That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free ! There were barriers still, it is true, but barriers that could in time be swept away.
I left the well-house eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought. As we returned to the house, every object that I touched seemed to quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. Then my eyes filled with tears; for I realised what I had done, and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.
I learned a great many new words that day. I do not remember what they all were; but I do know that mother, father, sister, teacher were among them - words that were to make the world blossom for me ‘like Aaron’s rod, with flower.’ It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.
Helen went on to become a graduate cum laude from Radcliffe. She then devoted the rest of her life to teaching and giving hope to the blind and deaf, as her teacher had done. She and Anne remained friends until Anne’s death.

A2. Complex Factual Activities:
(1) Why did young Helen feel repentance and sorrow?
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
Find out four compound words from the lesson:
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Rewrite the sentences by using 'As soon as':
On entering the door, I remembered the doll I had broken.
Rewrite the sentences by using 'As soon as':
We walked down the path to the well-house, we got attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle.
A5. Personal Response:
Why should we help disabled people?

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Statements
(1) Folk art conveys a deep thought.
(2) The roots of folk arts lie in women's daily chores.
(3) Designs are not important in Gond style of art.
(4) Special attention is given to the choice of various colours.

This richness is reflected in the choice of their medium. In the days of past, several things in nature such as soils of different shades, the juice of plants, leaves, tree bark, flowers, fruits and even things like coal and cow-dung were used to prepare colours. The different colours, various textures and patterns were used year after year, lending a simplicity to the art. When we see these pictures, we realise that a picture drawn this way or the other can look equally beautiful. What a deep thought this art conveys - and so easily !
In the Gond style of art, we see that the outlines may vary a little from artist to artist but the designs that fill it make the whole picture look lively and attractive. The designs include simple textures achieved using dots, straight lines, dotted lines, curvy shapes and circles. Special attention is given to the choice of various colours so that the total effect is amazing and beautiful.
In today’s age of commercialisation many men have taken up Gond art. But the roots of folk arts probably lie in women’s daily chores like cleaning and decorating the house, dealing with natural colours in the course of cooking and in their leisure time activities.

A2. Complex Factual Activity:
Complete the following sentences:
(1) In the Gond style of art, outlines may vary from artist to artist but ______________________.
(2) The designs in Gond style art contain ______________________.
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
(1) Spot the error in the spelling of the following words and rewrite them correctly:
(i) dicided (ii) diffarent
(2) Write related words with 'Artist'.
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Do as directed:
(1) What a deep thought this art conveys! (Make it assertive.)
(2) Creating folk art is a very enriching experience. (Make it exclamatory.)
A5. Personal Response:
Why does the author think that the roots of folk art lie in women's chores?

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
Complete the following sentences with the help of the given passage:
(1) The real name of Mark Twain was ______________.
(2) Mark Twain went to ______________ for a shave.
(3) ______________ are told and enjoyed even today.
(4) The young Mark Twain ran over early to say goodbye to ______________.

Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhome Clemens, a popular American writer. He was famous for his humorous stories, novels and other writings. His ready wit shone through everyday conversations. Many anecdotes related to Mark Twain are told and enjoyed even today.
It should be noted that he was a great defender of human values like liberty, equality and fraternity. He opposed wars and imperialism and supported the cause of labourers and of the black people in his country, America. Given below are some anecdotes from his life and some quotations from his speeches and writings.
One day during a lecture tour, Mark Twain entered a local barber shop for a shave. This, Twain told the barber, was his first visit to the town.
"You've chosen a good time to come," he declared.
"Oh?" Twain replied.
"Mark Twain is going to lecture here tonight. You'll want to go, I suppose?"
"I guess so..."
"Have you bought your ticket yet?"
"No, not yet."
"Well, it's sold out, so you'll have to stand."
"Just my luck," said Twain with a sigh. "I always have to stand when that fellow lectures!"
Mrs Stowe was leaving for Florida one morning, and Clemens (the young Mark Twain) ran over early to say goodbye. On his return Mrs Clemens regarded him disapprovingly:
“Why”, she said, “you haven’t on any collar and tie.”
He said nothing, but went up to his room, did up these items in a neat package, and sent it over to Mrs Stowe by a servant, with a line:
‘Herewith receive a call from the rest of me.’

A2. Complex Factual Activities:
(1) Was Twain particular about how he dressed when he was visiting friends?
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
Find out similar meaning words (synonyms) for the following from the passage:
(1) freedom - ______________
(2) protector - ______________
(3) brotherhood - ______________
(4) considered - ______________
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Change the following sentences in indirect speech:
(1) "You have chosen a good time to come," the barber said to Mark Twain.
(2) The barber said to Mark Twain, "Have you bought your ticket?"
A5. Personal Response:
(1) What is the importance of humour in our life?

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Statements
(1) Prospero was the duke of Milan, in the kingdom of Naples.
(2) Prospero's brother Gonzalo was a very treacherous man.
(3) Books were Prospero's most valued possessions.
(4) The king Antonio landed safely on an enchanted island.

Prospero was the Duke of Milan, in the kingdom of Naples. He was such a studious and learned scholar that he spent most of his time reading books, while his brother Antonio managed the business of ruling his dukedom.
Now, Antonio was a treacherous man, and he wanted to become Duke of Milan in his brother place. In fact, Antonio would not have hesitated to kill Prospero - but he knew that the people loved their Duke, and would never forgive his murderer. So Antonio got together with Alonso, the king of Naples who was Prospero’s enemy. They took Prospero to sea, and when they were far away from land, they put Prospero and his baby daughter Miranda into a broken, old boat and sailed away. Prospero and Miranda were left to drift into the wide, open sea Thus Antonio managed to take over the Dukedom of Milan, with all its wealth and power.
Now, among Prospero’s courtiers was a true and loyal Lord called Gonzalo. Out of love and loyalty for the rightful Duke, Gonzalo had secretly placed in the boat fresh water, food and clothes - and along with them, Prospero’s most valued possessions, his books.
You can imagine the hardships faced by Prospero cast adrift in an oarless boat, with a baby girl to care for! However, they were fortunate that the boat reached an island, and they landed in safety.
The island was an enchanted island. For years together, it had come under the spell of an evil witch Sycorax, who had imprisoned all the good spirits she found on the island. She herself had died before Propspero arrived on the island, but the spirits remained trapped in their ‘prisons’ - the trunks of the large trees on the island.

A2. Complex Factual Activity:
What had the faithful Lord Gonzalo done to help Prospero?
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
Choose the correct alternative given for the synonym of the words given below:
(1) studious: ___________
(a) outstanding (b) concerned (c) bookish (d) clever
(2) treacherous: ___________
(a) foolish (b) tricky (c) unreliable (d) favourite
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Add a question tag:
(1) Prospero was the Duke of Milan, ___________?
(2) Antonio would not have hesitated to kill Prospero, ___________?
A5. Personal Response:
What will you do if you are left alone on an isolated island by your friends?

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
Correct the following sentences using facts from the passage:
(1) The Greek armies and heroes always defeated the Trojans.
(2) Both the enemies were eager to continue fighting.

The Iliad is the story of Ilium or Troy, a rich trading city in Asia Minor near the narrow sea that leads from the Aegean to the Black Sea. It was well situated, both for commerce and agriculture. In front of the city was the sea over which sailed the ships of Troy, carrying goods and grain. At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida, from which flowed many rivers and streams. The valleys among the hills were well-watered and fertile, with corn growing in fertile fields and cattle feeding on the rich grass of the meadows while sheep fed on the slopes of the hills.
Round their city the Trojans had built a strong wall so that no enemy should attack them from the sea. The wall was so broad that people could stand and sit and walk on it. The great gates stood open, and people could go to the seashore outside and come in as they pleased. But in time of war the gates would be closed; and then the city was like a strong fortress, quite safe from all attack, protected by the walls surrounding it, as well as by the hills behind.
Thus, Troy was a strong city, strongly protected by its walls and strongly defended by its brave soldiers. But all the kings and heroes of Greece had declared war against the Trojans, because Paris, a prince of Troy, had persuaded Helen, wife of a Greek king Menelaus, to elope with him. He had brought her to Troy. The Greeks wanted to take revenge on Troy for the wrong done to Menelaus. They sailed to Troy and laid siege to the city. The Trojans, too, fought hard and the siege continued for ten long years.

A2. Complex Factual Activities:
State the counteraction for the following actions:
(1) Hector was killed by Achilles.
(2) The siege continued for ten long years.
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
Find antonyms of the following from the passage:
1) offended × ______________
(2) peace × ______________
(3) exposed × ______________
(4) begin × ______________
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
(1) Greeks could not take the city. (Make the sentence affirmative.)
(2) Every day Greeks came out of their gates. (Rewrite the sentence using past continuous tense.)
A5. Personal Response:
Which of the following are the adverse effects of war? Tick ☑ in the given box:
(1) Many people are killed.
(2) The country gains fame and glory.
(3) They lose peace in the land.
(4) Thousands are wounded.

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A1. Simple Factual Activities:
Complete the following sentences using the information from the passage:
(1) The last man who entered the wooden horse was ______________.
(2) Troy was taken, not by force but ______________.

At last Troy was taken, not by force but by a trick. It was the cunning Odysseus who thought of a plan to obtain the victory.
“Let us build a great wooden horse”, he said, “big enough to hold men inside it, and let some of our best fighters hide in the horse. Then let us burn our tents and pretend to sail away in our ships. But instead of sailing away, we will return in the night. When the Trojans are asleep, we will attack the city and burn and kill.”
The Greek leaders decided to follow the advice of the wise Odysseus. So a great horse of wood was made by a skilful engineer, and the greatest heroes, Menelaus, Odysseus himself, and others entered it, the last man to go in being the architect himself who knew the secret of opening and shutting the entrance. That evening the Greeks burned their tents and sailed away in their ships, but they did not go very far. Only one man was left behind to persuade the Trojans to drag the horse into their city.
Next day the Trojans woke up, expecting to go out and fight as they had done for the past ten years. What delight and surprise they felt at the sight they saw on the seashore outside the walls ! It seemed that the long siege was over at last. The tents had been burnt. The shore was deserted. The Greek ships had all gone.
“It’s peace at last,” they cried, and opened wide their gates and came out in large numbers on the plain, glad to be free again to go where they pleased. Then they saw on the sands the huge, wooden horse. They gathered round it in astonishment, for it was indeed a wonderful piece of work.

A2. Complex Factual Activities:
How did Odysseus plan to defeat the Trojans?
A3. Activities based on Vocabulary:
Arrange the letters properly to make a meaningful word:
(1) aagni
(2) bndeih
(3) rohse
(4) seegi.
A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
Read the following constructions carefully and then use them to express your ideas:
(1) A horse big enough to hold men inside it.
(2) The Greeks were tired of the long war.
A5. Personal Response:
Was it enough to use the wooden horse to hide some soldiers? What was done to make the Trojans take it inside the city?

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