$\because \,\,C{u^{ + 2}}\, + \,\,{e^ - }\, \to \,\,C{u^ + }\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{E^ o }\, = \,\, \,\,0.153\,\,volt$
$\therefore \,\,C{u^ + }\, \to \,\,C{u^{ + 2}}\, + \,\,{e^ - }\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,E_2^o \,= \,- \,0.153\,volt,\,\,{n_2}\, = \,1$
$C{u^ + }\, + \,\,{e^ - }\, \to \,\,Cu\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,E_3^o \,\, = \,\,??,\,\,{n_3}\, = \,\,1$
$\therefore \,{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} E_3^o{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} = \frac{{{\mkern 1mu} {n_1}E_1^o{\mkern 1mu} + {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {n_2}E_2^o}}{{{n_3}}}$
$ = \,\,\frac{{2\,\, \times \,\,0.337\,\, + \,\,1\,\, \times \,\,( - 0.153)}}{1}$
$ = \,\,\,0.521\,\,volt$
$\frac{2}{3} Al_2 O_3 \rightarrow \frac{4}{3} Al + O_2$
$\Delta _rG = + 960\, kJ\, mol^{-1}$
$500^oC$ તાપમાને એલ્યુમિનિયમ ઓકસાઈડ $(Al_2O_3)$ ના વિદ્યુતવિભાજય રીડકશન માટે પોટેન્શિયલમાં જરૂરી ઓછામાં ઓછો તફાવત........ $V$ છે.