Download App

Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryNuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity6 Marks
Question
Derive the expression for nuclear binding energy for a nuclide.
✓

Answer

Expression for nuclear binding energy:
$i.$ Consider a nuclide ${ }_z^A X$ that contains $Z$ protons and $(A-Z)$ neutrons.
Suppose the mass of the nuclide is $m$. The mass of proton is $m_p$ and that of neutron is mn.
$ii.$ Total mass $=(A-Z) m_n+Z m_p+Z m_e$
$\Delta m=\left[(A-Z) m_n+Z m_p+Z m_e\right]-m$
$=\left[(A-Z) m_n+Z\left(m_p+m_e\right]-m\right.$
$=\left[(A-Z) m_n+Z m_H\right]-m \ldots . .(2)$
Where $\left(m_p+m_e\right)=m_H=$ mass of $H$ atom.
Thus, $(\Delta m)=\left[Z m_p+(A-Z) m_n\right]-m$
Where $Z=$ atomic number
$A=$ mass number
$(A-Z)=$ neutron number
$m_p$ and $m_n=$ masses of proton and neutron, respectively
$m =$ mass of nuclide
$iii.$ The mass defect, $\Delta m$ is related to binding energy of nucleus by Einstein's equation,
$\Delta E =\Delta m \times c ^2$
Where, $\Delta E =$ Binding energy, $\Delta m =$ mass defect.
$iv.$ Nuclear energy is measured in million electro volt $(MeV).$
$v.$ The total binding energy is then given by,
$\text { B.E. }=\Delta m(u) \times 931.4$Where $1.00 u =931.4 MeV$$
\text { B.E. }=931.4\left[Z m_H+(A-Z) m_n-m\right]$ Total binding energy of nucleus containing $A$ nucleons is the $B.E.$
$vi.$ The binding energy per nucleon is then given by,
$\bar{B}= B.E./A$

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free

Explore more

More "Answer the following questions in detail." from Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity→Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity — all question types→Chemistry STD 11 Science question papers→Maharashtra Board STD 11 Science question papers→Maharashtra Board question paper generator→

Similar questions

Explain the classification of organic compounds based on carbon skeleton.
→
Balance the following redox equations by ion$-$electron $($half reaction method$).$
$i. \left. Cr _2 O _{7(aq)}^{2-}+ Fe _{(aq)}^{2+} \longrightarrow Cr _{(aq)}^{2+}+ Fe _{(aq)}^{3+}\right) ($acidic$)$
$ii. SO _{2(g)}+ Fe _{(\text {aq) }}^{3+} \longrightarrow Fe _{(\text {aq) }}^{2+}+ SO _{\text {4(aq) }}^{2-}($ acidic$)$
$iii. ClO _{(\text {aq) }}^{-}+ Cr ( OH )_{\text {4(aq) }}^{-} \longrightarrow CrO _{\text {4(aq)}}^{2-}+ Cl _{(\text {aq })}^{-}($basic$)$
$iv. SeO _{3\text {(aq) }}^{2-}+ Cl _{2(g)} \longrightarrow SeO _{4\text {(aq) }}^{2-}+ Cl _{(\text {aq) }}^{-}($basic$)$
→
Give a brief description of the principle of fractional crystallization.
→
An organic compound contains 40.92% carbon by mass, 4.58% hydrogen and 54.50% oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of the compound.
→
Explain the following steps with respect to the process of crystallization.
i. Preparation of a saturated solution
ii. Hot filtration
iii. Cooling of the filtrate
iv. Filtration
→
A compound contains $4.07\%$ hydrogen, $24.27\%$ carbon and $71.65\%$ chlorine by mass. Its molar mass is $98.96 g \ mol^{-1}.$ What is its empirical formula and molecular formula? Atomic masses of hydrogen, carbon and chlorine are $1.008,12.000$ and  $35.453 u, $respectively
→
Explain the variation in the following properties of the group 14 elements,
i. Atomic radii
ii. Ionization enthalpy
iii. Electronegativity
→
Describe the structure of graphite.
→
Write the postulates of Valence Bond Theory.
→
Explain the formation of hydrogen molecule with the help of potential energy curve.### Explain the formation of $H_2$ on the basis of $\text{VBT.}$
→