Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity - Maharashtra Board STD 11 Science Chemistry Questions

Q 1MCQ1 Mark

The process by which nuclei having low masses are united to form nuclei with large masses is

A
chemical reaction
B
nuclear fission
✓
nuclear fusion
D
chain reaction

Answer: C.

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Q 2MCQ1 Mark

The radioactive isotope used in the treatment of Leukemia is

A
${ }^{60} Co$
B
${ }^{226} Ra$
✓
${ }^{32} p$
D
${ }^{131}|$

Answer: C.

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Q 3MCQ1 Mark

${ }_{27}^{60} CO$ decays with half-life of 5.27 years to produce ${ }_{28}^{60} Ni$. What is the decay constant for such radioactive disintegration?

✓
$0.132 y ^{-1}$
B
$0.138$
C
$29.6 y$
D
$13.8\%$

Answer: A.

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Q 4MCQ1 Mark

The missing particle from the nuclear reaction is
$
{ }_{13}^{27} Al +{ }_2^4 He \longrightarrow ?+{ }_0^1 n
$

✓
${ }_{15}^{30} P$
B
${ }_{16}^{32} S$
C
${ }_{10}^{14} Ne$
D
${ }_{14} Si$

Answer: A.

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Q 5MCQ1 Mark

Identify nuclear fusion reaction
a. ${ }_1^1 H +{ }_1^1 H \longrightarrow{ }_1^2 H +{ }_1^0 e$
b. ${ }_1^2 H +{ }_1^1 H \longrightarrow{ }_2^3 He$
c. ${ }_1^3 H +{ }_1^1 H \longrightarrow{ }_1^3 H +{ }_1^1 p$

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Q 6Answer the following questions:1 Mark

Half life of ${ }^{24} Na$ is 900 minutes. What is its decay constant?

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Q 7Answer the following questions:1 Mark

Write relation between decay constant of a radioelement and its half life.

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Q 8Answer the following questions:1 Mark

Balance the nuclear reaction:
${ }_{54}^{118} Xe \longrightarrow ?+ I _{54}^{118}$

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Q 9Answer the following questions:1 Mark

Give example of mirror nuclei.

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Q 10Answer the following questions:1 Mark

What do you understand by the term rate of decay and give its mathematical expression.

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Q 11Answer the following in one or two sentences.2 Marks

The nuclides with odd number of both protons and neutrons are the least stable. Why ?

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Q 12Answer the following in one or two sentences.2 Marks

The total binding energy of $^{58}Ni$ is $508$ MeV. What is its binding energy per nucleon ?

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Q 13Answer the following in one or two sentences.2 Marks

Decay constant of $^{197}Hg is 0.017 h^{-1}.$ What is its half life ?

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Q 14Answer the following in one or two sentences.2 Marks

Write two units of radioactivity. How are they interrelated ?

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Q 15Answer the following in one or two sentences.2 Marks

Write pairs of isotones and one pair of mirror nuclei from the following :

${ }_5^{10} B ,{ }_6^{12} C ,{ }_{13}^{27} Al ,{ }_6^{11} C ,{ }_{14}^{28} S$ :

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Q 16Answer the following in brief.3 Marks

On the basis of even-odd of protons and neutrons, what type of nuclides are most stable ?

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Q 17Answer the following in brief.3 Marks

What is the difference between an α-particle and helium atom ?

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Q 18Answer the following in brief.3 Marks

Name the most stable nuclide known. Write two factors responsible for its stability.

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Q 19Answer the following in brief.3 Marks

A sample of old wood shows $7.0 dps / g$. If the fresh sample of tree shows $16.0 dps / g$, How old is the given sample of wood? Half life of ${ }^{14} C 5730 y$.

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Q 20Answer the following in brief.3 Marks

It has been found that the Sun’s mass loss is $4.34 \times 10^9 $kg per second. How much energy per second would be radiated into space by the Sun ?

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Q 21Answer the following questions.4 Marks

Prepare a chart of comparative properties of the above three types of radiations.

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Q 22Answer the following questions.4 Marks

You have learnt in Std. 9th, medical, industrial and agricultural applications of radioisotopes. Write at least two applications each.

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Q 23Answer the following questions.4 Marks

How does $N/Z$ ratio affect the nuclear stability ? Explain with a suitable diagram.