Name the conducting structures present in plants.

1. Define excretion.
2. Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.
3. Draw excretory system in human beings and label the following organs of excretory system which perform following functions:

1. Form urine.
2. Is a long tube which collects urine from kidney.
3. Store urine until it is passed out.

The human body has an organ A which acts as a double pump. The oxygenated blood coming from the lungs through a blood vessel B enters the upper left chamber C of the double pump. When chamber C contracts, then blood goes into lower left chamber D. The contraction of chamber D forces the blood to go into a blood vessel E which supplies oxygenated blood to all the organs of the body (except the lungs). The deoxygenated blood coming out of the body organs is taken by a blood vessel F to the right upper chamber G of pumping organ. Contraction of chamber G forces the deoxygenated blood into right lower chamber H. And finally the contraction of chamber H sends the deoxygenated blood into lungs through a blood vessel I.

1. What is organ A?
2. Name the blood vessel (i) B (ii) E (iii) F, and (iv) I.
3. What are chambers (i) C, and (ii) D?
4. What are chambers (i) G and (ii) H?

Mention the major events during photosynthesis.

There are five animals P, Q, R, S and T. The animal P always lives in water and has gills for breathing. The animal Q can stay in water as well as on land and can breathe both, through moist skin and lungs. The animal R lives in soil and breathes only through its skin. The animal S lives on land and breathes through spiracles and tracheae. And animal T lives in water and breathes through its cell membrane.

1. Which of the animals could be Amoeba?
2. Which of the animals could be frog?
3. Which animal could be fish?
4. Which animal could be grasshopper?
5. Which animal could be earthworm?

Suggest a suitable reason for the heart having four separate chambers.

‘Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration’. Justify this statement.

There is a pair of bean-shaped organs P in the human body towards the back, just above the waist. A waste product Q formed by the decomposition of unused proteins in the liver is brought into organ P through blood by an artery R. The numerous tiny filters S present in organ P clean the dirty blood by removing the waste product Q. The clean blood goes into circulation through a vein T. The waste substance Q, other waste salts, and excess water form a yellowish liquid U which goes from organ P into a bag-like structure V through two tubes W. This liquid is then thrown out of the body through a tube X.

1. What is (i) organ P and (ii) waste substance Q?
2. Name (i) artery R, and (ii) vein T.
3. What are tiny filters S known as?
4. Name (i) liquid U, (ii) structure V, (iii) tubes W and (iv) tube X.

Water and dissolved minerals get into the root hair of a plant by a process called A and enter the conducting tissue B. The process C helps the water and dissolved minerals to move up through the tissue B in roots and stem, and reach the leaves of a plant. In the leaves food is made by a process D. This food is then transported to all the parts of a plant through tissue E. The process of distributing food made in the leaves to all the parts of the plants is called F.

1. What are (i) A, (ii) B, (iii) C, (iv) D, (v) E, and (vi) F?
2. Which tissue is made up of living cells: B or E?
3. Which tissue, B or E, contains sieve tubes?
4. Which tissue, B or E, contains tracheids?