Question Bank [2022] — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

1. Biopatent is a biological patent awarded for strains of microorganisms, cell lines, genetically modified strains, DNA sequences, biotechnological processes, product processes, product and product applications.
2. Biopatents are awarded to recognize real innovative contributions made by the inventor to the cause of human welfare.

ii. Biopiracy

1. Texmati case: A strain of Basmati rice was patented by Texas based company Rice Tec Inc with trade name Texmati. This patenting was illegal and unethical as Basmati is a long-grained, aromatic variety of rice indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. India fought a long legal battle after which the patent was cancelled.
2. Turmeric: Since ancient times, Indians have been using Haldi (Turmeric powder) as antiseptic for healing wounds for killing pests and medicinal purposes. However, American companies have patented Turmeric and many medicinal plants of India. After a long legal battle, most of the patents have been revoked.