Question
Explain in brief, nuclear fission.
✓
Answer
i. Nuclear fission: It is a process which involves splitting of the heavy nucleus of an atom into two nearly equal fragments accompanied by release of the large amount of energy.
e.g. Nuclear fission of $^{235}Uii$. When a uranium nucleus absorbs neutron, it breaks into two lighter fragments and releases energy (heat), more neutrons, and other radiation. This can be given as,
iii. Characteristics of nuclear fission reactions:
e.g. Nuclear fission of $^{235}Uii$. When a uranium nucleus absorbs neutron, it breaks into two lighter fragments and releases energy (heat), more neutrons, and other radiation. This can be given as,
iii. Characteristics of nuclear fission reactions:
- The mass of the fission products is less than the parent nucleus. A large amount of energy corresponding to the mass loss is released in each fission.
- When one uranium $235$ nucleus undergoes fission, three neutrons are emitted, which subsequently disintegrate three more uranium nuclei and thereby produce nine neutrons. Such a chain continues by itself.
- In a very short time enormous amount of energy is liberated, which can be utilized for destructive or peaceful purposes.
- Energy released per fission is approximately $200$ MeV.
- Each fission may lead to different products.
- There is no unique way for fission of $^{235}U$ that produces Ba and Kr. There are $400$ ways for fission of $^{235}U$ leading to $800$ fission products.
- Many of these fission products are radioactive which undergo spontaneous disintegrations giving rise to new elements in the periodic table.
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