Question
Explain Solvay process for manufacture of sodium carbonate.
✓
Answer
Sodium carbonate $(Na_2CO_3)$ is commercially prepared by Solvay process. Preparation of sodium carbonate by Solvay process involves two stages.
$i.$ In the first stage of Solvay process, carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of $NaCl$ which is saturated with $NH_3.$ This results in the formation of ammonium bicarbonate. Crystals of sodium bicarbonate separate as a result of the following reactions.
$\underset{\text { (Ammonia) }}{2 NH _{3( aq )}}+ H _2 O _{( f )}+ CO _{2( g )} \longrightarrow \underset{\text { Ammonium carbonate }}{\left( NH _4\right)_2 CO _{3( aq )}}$
$ii.$ Ammonium bicarbonate and sodium chloride undergoes double decomposition reaction to form sodium bicarbonate. As sodium bicarbonate has low solubility, it precipitates out in the form of crystals.
$iii.$ In the second stage, the separated crystals of sodium bicarbonate are heated to obtain sodium carbonate $(Na_2CO_3).$
$iv. \ NH_4Cl$ obtained in this process is treated with slaked lime, $Ca(OH)_2,$ to recover $NH_3$ while $CaCl_2$ is obtained as a byproduct.
$i.$ In the first stage of Solvay process, carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of $NaCl$ which is saturated with $NH_3.$ This results in the formation of ammonium bicarbonate. Crystals of sodium bicarbonate separate as a result of the following reactions.
$\underset{\text { (Ammonia) }}{2 NH _{3( aq )}}+ H _2 O _{( f )}+ CO _{2( g )} \longrightarrow \underset{\text { Ammonium carbonate }}{\left( NH _4\right)_2 CO _{3( aq )}}$
$ii.$ Ammonium bicarbonate and sodium chloride undergoes double decomposition reaction to form sodium bicarbonate. As sodium bicarbonate has low solubility, it precipitates out in the form of crystals.
$iii.$ In the second stage, the separated crystals of sodium bicarbonate are heated to obtain sodium carbonate $(Na_2CO_3).$
$iv. \ NH_4Cl$ obtained in this process is treated with slaked lime, $Ca(OH)_2,$ to recover $NH_3$ while $CaCl_2$ is obtained as a byproduct.
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