Give IUPAC rules for naming substituted benzene. - Vidyadip

Question

Give IUPAC rules for naming substituted benzene.

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Answer

i. Monosubstituted benzene : The IUPAC name of a monosubstituted benzene is obtained by placing the name of substituent as prefix to the parent skeleton which is benzene.

ii. Some monosubstituted benzenes have trivial names which may show no resemblance with the name of the attached substituent group. For example, methylbenzene is known as toluene, aminobenzene as aniline, hydroxybenzene as phenol and so on. The common names written in the bracket are also used universally and accepted by IUPAC.

iii. If the alkyl substituent is larger than benzene ring (7 or more carbon atoms) the compound is named as phenyl-substituted alkane.

iv. Benzene ring can as well be considered as substituent when it is attached to an alkane with a functional group.

v. Disubstituted benzene derivatives:
Common names of the three possible isomers of disubstitued benzene derivatives are given using one of the prefixes ortho (o-), meta (m-) or para (p-).
IUPAC system, however, uses numbering instead of prefixes, o-, m-, or p-.

vi. If two substituents are different, then they enter in alphabetical order.

vii. If one of the two groups gives special name to the molecule then the compound is named as derivative of the special compound.

viii. Trisubstituted benzene derivatives : If more than two substituents are attached to benzene ring, numbers are used to indicate their relative positions following the alphabetical order and lowest locant rule. In some cases, common name of benzene derivatives is taken as parent compound.

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