Learning Skills — psychology STD 12 Arts — Question

• The American scientist B. F. Skinner has given the theory of causation.
• His concept differs from the classical conventions.
• Prevalence is achieved without any reaction in classical research.
• Prevalence is achieved when the factor shows any reaction in the synthesis. That is why factor conjunction is called functional conjunction.
• Experiment:

• Skinner has created a problem box to explain the concept of causal theory.
• In which it is arranged to attach a storage box for the storage of angutica and the wire under it with the handle, from the storage box to receive the food in the food container.
• He met a hungry rat in the problem box.
• Initially, the rats rush to get out of the box.
• Fill in the blanks on the rods.
• Suddenly his paw falls on the handle and the food is received in a food container.
• No education is received as the reaction of the rat at this time is accidental.
• Going forward, the rat seems to be trying to get out of the problem box again.
• Suddenly the hand receives a pressed esophagus.
• Experimenting four times in Skinner's experiment helped the rat gain insight. That the pelvis is obtained by pressing the hand.
• The rat then obtains food by repeatedly pressing the hand.
• Here, the reaction of the rat becomes stronger as it receives proliferation in return for the reaction.
• In the first attempt (15) minutes, in the second attempt 35 (20) minutes, in the third attempt 47 (12) minutes, and in the fourth attempt 71 (24) minutes.

• Basic concepts:

(1) Prevalence:

• Providing force to animals to react is called reinforcement.
• There are two main types of reinforcement. (A) Legislative reinforcement (B) Inhibitory reinforcement.

(A) Legislative Strength:

• What triggers the reaction learned through reinforcement is called legislative reinforcement.
• Which makes the reaction more robust.
• E.g. Mice often react to hand pressures by receiving food pellets in Skinner's experiment.
• It has an annulus legislative predominance.

(B) Prohibition prevalence:

• Inhibitors such as stimulants removed after a reaction, according to Skinner
• In the Skinner experiment, rats reacting to repeated hand presses to avoid electric shock are called inhibitory stimulants.

(2) Extinction:

• The process of extinction is called extinction.
• In the Skinner experiment, the pelvis is obtained by pressing the hand.
• But the rats do not receive the pelvis despite repeated hand presses so the mice stop responding to the hand press.
• This is called extinction.

(3) Generalization of the stimulus:

• The stimulus is not generalized in Skinner's causal synthesis as in the classical synthesis.
• But in everyday life there is generalization according to causal research.
• E.g. when a child's toy is hidden in one place and the child learns the task of finding the toy, then the toy is hidden in a new place and when the child finds the toy from a new place, there is a generalization between the old and the new place.

(4) Stimulus Discrimination:

• When the difference between two stimuli begins to be discerned, it is called distinguishing between stimuli.
• For example, in Skinner's experiment, the mouse is given a food pellet by pressing the hand in the presence of light.
• But stopping the hand pressing in the dark is called stimulus discrimination.