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Atoms — Physics STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 SciencePhysicsAtoms5 Marks
Question
Explain the shortcomings of Rutherford's Atomic Model.###Write two shortcomings of Rutherford's Atomic Model.
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Answer

Drawbacks of Rutherford's Nuclear Atomic Model : This model suffers from two drawbacks :
(i) Regarding stability of atom : There is centripetal acceleration in the revolving electron around the nucleus. According to electromagnetic theory, accelerated charged particle emits energy. Hence, electromagnetic waves should continuously emit by the revolving electrons in different orbits around the nucleus. In this way due to loss of energy of electron, radius of circular orbit should continuously decreases and ultimately the electrons should fall into the nucleus. Therefore atom cannot remain stable.
Image
Fig. : Rutherford's Atomic Model pattern
(ii) Regarding explanation of Line-spectrum : In Rutherford's model, the frequency of moving electrons will changes due to continuously changing in radius of electrron's path. After this result, electrons will emit electromagnetic waves of all frequencies i.e. the spectrum of the waves will be continuous, but in really the atomic spectra have line spectrum instead of continuous and each spectral line have definite frequency. Therefore emitted wave from atom should be of some definite frequencies, instead of all frequencies. Thus, Rutherford model unable explain the line spectrum.

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