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Coordination Compounds — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryCoordination Compounds3 Marks
Question
Explain with two examples each of the following: coordination entity, ligand, coordination number, coordination polyhedron, homoleptic and heteroleptic.
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Answer

Coordination entity: It constitutes of a central atom/ion bonded to fixed number of ions or molecules by coordinate bonds e.g. $\ce{[COCl_3(NH_3)_3], [Ni (C0)_4]}$ etc.
Ligand: The ions/molecules bound to central atom/ion in coordination entity are called ligands. Ligands in above examples are $\ce{CL, NH_3, CO}$
Coordination number: This is the number of bond formed by central atom/ion with ligands.
Coordination polyhedron: Spatial arrangement of ligands defining the shape of complex.
In above cases $Co$ and $Ni$ polyhedron are octahedral and tetrahedral in $\ce{[CoCl_3 (NH_3)_3]}$ and $\ce{[Ni(C0)_4]}$ respectively.
Homoleptic: Metal is bound to only one kind of ligands eg $Ni$ in $\ce{[Ni(C0)_4]}$
Heteroletric: Metal is bound to more than one kind of ligandseg Coin $\ce{[CoCl_3(NH_3)_3]}$

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