(\(2\)) Distillation : It is used to separate volatile liquids from non-volatile impurities and the liquids having sufficient difference in their boiling point.
(\(3\)) Chromatography : It is based on separation by using stationary and mobile phase.
(\(4\)) Crystallization : It is based on difference in the solubilities of the compound and impurities in a suitable solvent.
(પરમાણ્વીય દળ $Ag =108; Br = 80$)
$A$ નું ગણતરી કરેલ $R_f$ મૂલ્ય .......... $\times 10^{-1}$ છે.