| Measures | Pre-disaster/ Post-disaster | Structural or Non-Structural |
| (1) Public awareness | (1) Post-disaster | (1) Structural |
| (2) Preparedness of hospital | (2) Post-disaster | (2) Non-structural |
| (3) Providing food and shelter to people | (3) Pre-disaster | (3) Structural |
| (4) Construction of river embankments | (4) Post-disaster | (4) Non-structural |
| Measures | Pre-disaster/ Post-disaster | Structural or Non-Structural |
| (1) Public awareness | (1) Pre-disaster | (1) Non-structural |
| (2) Preparedness of hospital | (2) Pre-disaster | (2) Structural |
| (3) Providing food and shelter to people | (3) Post-disaster | (3) Non-structural |
| (4) Construction of river embankments | (4) Pre-disaster | (4) Structural |
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| Agent | Erosional features | Depositional features |
| (1) River | (1) Gorge | (1) Moraine |
| (2) Sea waves | (2) Cirque | (2) Barchan |
| (3) Wind | (3) Sea cliff | (3) Sand bars |
| (4) Glaciers | (4) Mushroom rock | (4) Food plains |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Widespread volcanic eruption | (1) Zone V | (1) I to XII |
| (2) Andaman and Nicobar Islands | (2) Fissure eruption | (2) Block Mountain |
| (3) Mercalli scale | (3) Intensity | (3) Very high seismic vulnerability |
| (4) Slow movements | (4) Faulting | (4) Deccan Trap |
| A | B | C | D |
| (1) Mediterranean climate | (1) Interior area of Asia | (1) Hot summer, very low rainfall | (1) Coniferous forest |
| (2) Equatorial rainforest climate | (2) Scandinavian countries and Siberia | (2) Cool summer, bitterly cold winters | (2) Scrubs and hardwood forest |
| (3) Tropical desert climate | (3) Amazon and Congo basins | (3) Moist winter and warm summer | (3) Dense and evergreen hardwood forest |
| (4) Taiga climate | (4) Central California and South Africa | (4) High temperature and convectional rainfall | (4) Xerophytic vegetation |
| Sr. No | Features | Comprise of |
| (1) | Continental Shelf | —– |
| (2) | Mid-oceanic Ridges | —– |
| (3) | Ocean Basins | —– |
| (4) | Oceanic Deeps | —– |
| (5) | Islands | —– |
| Type of disaster | Name of Disaster | Place |
| (1) Tectonic | (1) Flood | (1) Malin |
| (2) Geological | (2) Plague | (2) Kerala |
| (3) Metrological | (3) Tsunami | (3) Surat |
| (4) Biological | (4) Mudslide | (4) Indonesia |
| Sr. No | Islands of Indian Ocean: | |
| (1) | Islands in the Arabian Sea | ——— |
| (2) | Islands of Bay of Bengal | ——— |
| (3) | Islands along Australian Coast | ——— |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Different density of corals in summer and winter | (1) Ice cores | (1) Understanding of past environmental conditions |
| (2) Variation in environmental conditions | (2) Goldilocks Zone | (2) Summer snow different from winter snow |
| (3) Samples of ice from inner sides of the ice sheets | (3) Creates seasonal growth rings on corals | (3) Earth was cooler when it was located in the outer reaches of this zone |
| (4) Habitable zone in which the Earth lies | (4) Tree rings | (4) Determines the temperature of water and season in which coral grew |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Tropical Rainforest | (1) 10° to 20° N and S | (1) Khejari, acacia, century plant, cactus |
| (2) Tropical Deciduous | (2) 20° to 30° N and S | (2) Elephant grass, few shrubs, trees |
| (3) Savannah Grassland | (3) 0° to 10° N and S | (3) Teak, sal, sandalwood, bamboos |
| (4) Tropical Desert | (4) 5° to 30° N and S | (4) Mahogany, ebony, rosewood |
| A | B | C |
| (1) the Mediterranean | (1) 40° to 50° N and S | (1) Maple, elm, walnut, deodar |
| (2) Temperate Deciduous | (2) 40° to 55° N and S | (2) Willow, alder, poplar, various species of grasses |
| (3) Temperate Grassland | (3) 30° to 40° N and S | (3) Pine, oak, cedar, rosemary |