Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; p… - Vidyadip

Question

Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.

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Answer

Protonemal cell of a moss – Haploid
Primary endosperm nucleus in a dicot – Triploid
Leaf cell of a moss – Haploid
Prothallus of a fern – Haploid
Gemma cell in Marchantia – Haploid
Meristem cell of a monocot – Diploid
Ovum of a liverwort – Haploid
Zygote of a fern – Diploi

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Match the following

	Column I		Column II
a.	Chlamydomonas	i.	Moss
b.	Cycas	ii.	Pteridophyte
c.	Selaginella	iii.	Algae
d.	Sphagnum	iv.	Gymnosperm

Make a labelled diagram of Funaria, Gametophyte and Sporophyte. Write any three differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Bryophyta (bryophytes) A division of plants which for some authors includes the mosses (Musci) and liverworts (Hepaticae), but is now often taken to include only the mosses; liverworts having been assigned divisional status as Hepatophyta. Bryophytes differ from algae in that the multicellular gametangium is surrounded by a protective jacket of sterile cells; gametangia of algae are usually unicellular and never have a protective jacket of sterile cells. Although bryophytes lack differentiated water-conducting vessels, and rely largely or entirely on water absorbed from rain falling on the plants, or from a moist atmosphere, some larger species may have simple water-conducting cells. They lack true roots, but possess root-like rhizoids which anchor them to a substrate and which can absorb water and minerals. The plants all show a heteromorphic alternation of generations, with a green vegetative gametophyte (the familiar moss or liverwort plant) and a sporophyte which typically takes the form of a (usually stalked) capsule and which is partially or wholly parasitic on the gametophyte. Most bryophytes are land plants and are found worldwide in a range of habitats. They are known from Devonian rocks, but there is no evidence to link them with either the green algae or the more advanced pteridophytes.

(1) A characteristic feature of bryophytes is:
(a) a dominant and parasitic sporophyte
(b) a dominant and spore-producing gametophyte
(c) a small sporophyte phase, which is dependent on the gametophyte
(d) sporophytes stay for a longer duration.

(2) Find the true statement about bryophytes:
(a) they have chloroplasts
(b) they have archegonia
(c) they are thalloid
(d) all of the above.

(3) Among the following which is not characteristics feature of bryophyte:
(a) Motile sperms
(b) Presence of archegonium
(c) Water essential for fertilization
(d) Independent sporophyte

(4) Bryophytes differ from pteridophytes in:
(a) Swimming antherozoids
(b) An independent gametophyte
(c) Archegonia
(d) Lack of vascular tissue

(5) In bryophytes, antherozoids are-
(a) Biflagellate
(b) Multiflagellate
(c) Sometimes biflagellate and sometimes multiflagellate.
(d) Biflagellate in a few species and multiflagellate in the rest.

John was reading a chapter on different parts of a green plant. His mother asked him about the functions of roots. He replied that roots are meant for anchorage and absorbing water and minerals from soil. Then mother showed him carrot, radish and turnip and asked him about the additional functions that the roots perform. John was surprised to find that roots in some plants change their shape and structure and become modified to perform additional functions like support, storage of food and respiration.

(1). Carrot is a
(a) Tap root (b) Fibrous root (c) Adventitious root (d) Stilt root.

(2). Hanging structures that support a banyan are
(a) Prop (b) Tuber (c) Rhizome (d) Stilt

(3). Supporting structures coming out of the lower nodes of the stems of maize and sugarcane are
(a) Stilt (b) Tendrils (c) Runner (d) Prop

(4). Which function is performed by the modified roots of Asparagus?
(a) Storage (b) Support (c) Respiration (d) Transpiration.

(5). Pneumatophores are found in
(a) Rhizophora (b) Asparagus (c) Sugarcane (d) Maize.

The conifer forests of the world cover huge areas of land and provide the largest terrestrial carbon sink. Conifers are also valued economically; their softwood is used for the production of timber, they are used to cultivate pine nuts, and the berries of the juniper bush are used to flavour gin. As in all other vascular plants, gymnosperms have a sporophyte dominant life cycle (the sporophyte is the diploid multicellular stage, which comprises the body of the plant, i.e., a leafy tree).The gametophyte phase is relatively short, and sees gametes produced on the reproductive organs.

(1) For a plant species to be 'dioecious', it must:
(a) Reproduce asexually
(b) Have both male and female organs
(c) Have separate male and female individuals
(d) Not reproduce

(2) Which division of the gymnosperms is most commonly used to create paper?
(a) Conifers (b) Cycads (c) Gnetophyta (d) Gingkophyta(3) What role does the cone have in the gymnosperm life cycle?
(a) It is the seed
(b) It is the male gametophyte
(c) It is the reproductive body
(d) It feeds the embryo

(4) Conifers are adapted to tolerate extreme environmental conditions because of
(a) broad hardy leaves.
(b) superficial stomata.
(c) thick cuticle
(d) presence of vessel(5) Cycas and Adiantum resemble each other in having:
(a) seeds (b) motile sperms (c) cambium (d) vessels

Write the functions of human kidney.

R.H. Whittaker proposed a Five Kingdom Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships. The three-domain system has also been proposed that divides the Kingdom Monera into two domains, leaving the remaining eukaryotic kingdoms in the third domain and there by a six kingdom classification. Earlier classification systems included bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and the angiosperms under 'Plants'. The character that unified this whole kingdom was that all the organisms included had a cell wall in their cells.
Robert H. Whittaker (1969)

i. Observe Robert H. Whittaker (1969) flow chart of classification and mention what type of organisms were included in Kingdom Animalia? (1)
ii. Mention two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (1)
iii. Linnaeus used which kingdom of classification? State two drawbacks of Linnaeus two kingdom classification. (2)

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Is Fungi- Autotrophic (Photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic the correct match? Also, Mention the difference between the walls of fungi and green plants. (2)

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Write any four differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Make a labelled diagram showing the nerve endings and synapses.

Write any four differences in the cortex of monocotyledon and dicotyledon stem.

Alex used to go to vegetable market with his grandfather, a retired biology teacher. Grandfather told Alex that brinjal, chillies and tomato belong to the same family of plants and asked him to find out the similarity in these plants. Alex found that it's a large family, commonly called as the ' potato family'. Plants belonging to this family are mostly herbs, shrubs and rarely small trees. Many plants belonging to this family are source of food, spice, medicine, fumigatory, and ornamental.

(1).The name of this family is
(a) Solanaceae (b) Fabaceae (c) Liliaceae (d) Brassica ear.

(2). Fruits of this family are known as
(a) Berry or capsule (b) Legume (c) Endosperm (d) Cotyledon.

(3). Aestivation in calyx and corolla of this family is
(a) Valvate (b) Imbricate (c) Twisted (d) Vexillary.

(4). Stamens of the flowers belonging to this family are mostly attached with petals.This condition is known as
(a) Epipetalous (b) Epiphyllous (c) Polyandrous (d) Monoadelphous

(5). Medicinal plants belonging to this family are
(a) Belladonna, Ashwagandha
(b) Aloe, Asparagus
(c) Tobacco, Petunia
(d) Muliathi, Spice.