They are isoelectronic species with same number of electrons. Higher is the atomic number, higher will be the effective nuclear charge, lower will be the size.
$O(g) + e^- \to O^-(g); \Delta H = - 142 \,kJ \,mol^{-1}$
$O^-(g) + e \to O^{2-} (g); \Delta H = 844\, kJ \,mol^{-1}$
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