નાઇટ્રોજન કુટુંબના , હાઇડ્રાઇડ્સમાં $H -M -H$ બંધ કોણ $MH_3$ ધીમે ધીમે $N$ થી $Sb$ પર જતા $90^o$ ની નજીક જાય છે.આ બતાવે છે કે ધીરે ધીરે........
AIIMS 2009, Advanced
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b The hydrides have a pyramidal or tetrahedral shape with a lone pair of electrons in one of the orbitals. The $H -M -H$ bond angle is less than the original $109^o28'$ tetrahedral bond angle $(H -N -H$ in $NH_3$is $106^o45')$ because of greater repulsion between lone pair and a bond pair than between two bond pairs of electrons. Because electro-negativity of $M$ decreases from $N$ to $Bi$ , the bond pair lie farther away from the central atom, and the lone pair causes greater distortion of bond angle. Thus $H -P -H$ bond in $PH_3$is $94^o$ , while in $AsH_3$and $SbH_3$it is about $91.8^o$ and $91.3^o$ respectively (closer to $90^o$ ). This suggests that orbitals used for bonding are closer to pure $p-$ orbitals
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