જો $\Lambda_{{m}}^{\circ}$ $({HA})=190 \,{~S} \,{~cm}^{2} {~mol}^{-1}$, ${HA}$નો આયનીકરણ અચળાંક $\left({K}_{{a}}\right)$ $....\,\times 10^{-6}$ બરાબર છે.
$=1000 \times \frac{2 \times 10^{-5}}{0.001}=20 {~S} {~cm}^{2} {~mol}^{-1}$
$\Rightarrow \alpha=\frac{\wedge_{{m}}}{\wedge_{{m}}^{\infty}}=\frac{20}{190}=\left(\frac{2}{19}\right)$
${HA} \rightleftharpoons {H}^{+}+{A}^{-}$
$0.001(1-\alpha) \,\,0.001 \alpha \,\,0.001 \alpha$
$\Rightarrow \quad {k}_{{a}}=0.001\left(\frac{\alpha^{2}}{1-\alpha}\right)=\frac{0.001 \times\left(\frac{2}{19}\right)^{2}}{1-\left(\frac{2}{19}\right)}$
$=12.3 \times 10^{-6}$
વિદ્યુતવિભાજય $X$ શું છે?

$Zn^{+2}_{(aq)} + 2e \rightleftharpoons Zn(s), -0.76\,\, volt$ ;
$Ce^{+3}_{(aq)} + 3e \rightleftharpoons Cr(s), -0.74 \,\,volt.$
$2H^{+2}_{(aq)} + 2e \rightleftharpoons H_2(g), + 0.0\,volt$ ;
$Fe^{+3}_{(aq)} + e \rightleftharpoons Fe^{+2}_{(aq)}, + 0.77 \,\,volt$
નીચેનામાંથી કયો પ્રબળ રીડ્યુસીંગ એજન્ટ છે ?