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The Solid State — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryThe Solid State4 Marks
Question
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The idealized ionic solid consists of two interpenetrating lattices of oppositely-charged point charges that are held in place by a balance of coulombic force of long range. But real ions occupy space, no such "perfect" ionic solid exists in nature. Chemists usually apply the term "ionic solid" to binary compounds of the metallic elements of groups $1 - 2$ with one of the halogen elements or oxygen. The most well known ionic solid is sodium chloride, also known by its geological names as rock-salt or halite. Structurally, each ion in sodium chloride is surrounded and held in tension by six neighbouring ions of opposite charge; this is known as $(6, 6)$ coordination. The resulting crystal lattice is of a type known as simple cubic. There are many other fundamental ionic structures (not all cubic) and these are: Zinc blende structure $(ZnS) $: having ccp arrangement of $S^2-$ and $Zn^{2+}$ in alternate tetrahedral voids; Wurtzite structure $(ZnS)$ having hcp arrangement of $S^2-$ and $Zn^{2+}$ in alternate tetrahedral voids; Fluorite structure $(CaF2)$ having ccp arrangement of $Ca^{2+}$ and$ F^-$ in all tetrahedral voids Antifluorite structure $(Na_2O)$ having ccp arrangement of $O^{2-}$ and $Na^+$ in all tetrahedral voids. These solids tend to be quite hard and have high melting points.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer.
  1. In $NaCl$ crystal, each $Cl^-$ ion is surrounded by.
  1. $4\ Na^+$ ions
  2. $6\ Na^+$ ions
  3. $1\ Na^+$ ion
  4. $2\ Na^+$ ions
  1. In an antifluorite structure, cations occupy.
  1. Tetrahedral voids.
  2. Centre of cube
  3. Octahedral voids
  4. Corners of cube.
  1. Anti fluorite structure is derived from fluorite structure by.
  1. Heating fluorite crystal lattice.
  2. Subjecting fluorite structure to high pressure.
  3. Interchanging the positions of positive and negative ions in the lattice.
  4. None of these.
  1. In crystal structure of sodium chloride, the arrangement of $Cl^-$ion is.
  1. fcc
  2. both fcc and bcc
  3. bcc
  4. None of these
  1. Ionic solid $BaF_2$ has which kind of structure?
  1. Fluorite
  2. Antifluorite
  3. Wurtzite
  4. Rock-salt
✓

Answer

  1. (b) $6$ $Na^+$ ions
Explanation:
In $NaCl$ crystal, each $Cl^-$ ion is surrounded by $6$ $Na^+$ ions.
  1. (a) Tetrahedral voids.
Explanation:
Anti-fluorite structure $(NaCl)$ have ccp arrangement of $O^{2-}$ and $Na^+$ in all tetrahedral voids.
  1. (c) Interchanging the positions of positive and negative ions in the lattice.
Explanation:
Antifluorite structure is derived from fluorite structure by interchanging the positions of positive and negative ions.
  1. (a)$ fcc$
Explanation:
In NaCl crystal structure, $Cl^-$ ions form $fcc.$
  1. (a) Fluorite
Explanation:
$BaF_2$ has fluorite structure.

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