Write the formula for a lens connecting image distance (υ), object distance (u) and the focal length (f). How does the lens formula differ from the mirror formula?

If the magnification of a body of size 1m is 2, what is the size of the image?

Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray corresponding to an incident ray of light parallel to the principal axis of a convex mirror and show the angle of incidence and angle of reflection on it.

A vertical ray of light strikes the horizontal surface of some water:

1. What is the angle of incidence?
2. What is the angle of refraction?

It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12cm.
Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24cm in front of the mirror? Draw ray diagram for this situation also to justify your answer.
Show the positions of pole, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the above ray diagrams.

If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always erect and diminished, what type of mirror is it? Draw a labelled ray diagram to support your answer.

Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual magnified image of an object by a convex lens. In your diagram, the position of object and image with respect to the principal focus should be shown clearly.

How will you distinguish between a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror without touching them?

Name the type of mirrors used in the design of solar furnaces. Explain how high temperature is achieved by this device.