Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryOrganic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques3 Marks
Question
What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples.
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Answer
Electrophiles: The name electrophiles means electron loving. Electrophiles are electron deficient. They may be positive ions or neutral molecules. $\mathbf{E x}: \mathrm{H}^{+}, \mathrm{Cl}^{+}, \mathrm{Br}^{+}, \mathrm{NO}_2{ }^{+}, \mathrm{R}_3 \mathrm{C}^{+}, \mathrm{RN}_2{ }^{+}, \mathrm{AlCl}_3, \mathrm{BF}_3$ Nucleophiles: The name nucleophiles means 'nucleus loving' and indicates that it attacks the region of low electron density (positive centres) in a substrate molecule. They are electron rich they may be negative ions or neutral molecules.Ex: $\mathrm{Cl}^{-} \mathrm{Br}^{-}, \mathrm{CN}^{-}, \mathrm{OH}^{-}$, $\mathrm{RCR}_2{ }^{-}, \mathrm{NH}_3, \mathrm{RNH}_2, \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{ROH}$ etc.
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