What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples. - Vidyadip

Question

What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples.

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Answer

Electrophiles: The name electrophiles means electron loving. Electrophiles are electron deficient. They may be positive ions or neutral molecules.

Ex: H⁺, Cl⁺, Br⁺, NO₂⁺, R₃C⁺, RN₂⁺, AlCl₃, BF₃

Nucleophiles: The name nucleophiles means ‘nucleus loving’ and indicates that it attacks the region of low electron density (positive centres) in a substrate molecule. They are electron rich they may be negative ions or neutral molecules.

Ex: Cl^- Br^-, CN^-, OH^-, RCR₂^-, NH₃, RNH₂, H₂O, ROH etc.

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