Question
What are quantum numbers? Discuss this in detail.

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Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.
The ionization constant of nitrous acid is 4.5 × 10–4. Calculate the pH of 0.04M sodium nitrite solution and also its degree of hydrolysis.
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Write comments on the following:
(a) Pauli's exclusion law
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  1. A cylinder of gas supplied by a company is assumed to contain 14kg of butane. If a normal family requires 20000kJ of energy per day for cooking, how long will the cylinder last?
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Ethyl acetate is formed by the reaction between ethanol and acetic acid and the equilibrium is represented as:

$\text{CH}_3\text{COOH (1) + C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH (1)}\rightleftharpoons\text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 \text{ (1) + H}_2\text{O (1)}$

Starting with 0.5mol of ethanol and 1.0mol of acetic acid and maintaining it at 293K, 0.214mol of ethyl acetate is found after sometime. Has equilibrium been reached?

How many neutrons and protons are there in the following nuclei?
$\text{ }^{13}_{06}\text{C},\text{ }^{16}_{08}\text{O},\text{ }^{24}_{12}\text{Mg},\text{ }^{56}_{26}\text{Fe},\text{ }^{88}_{38}\text{Sr}$
Nitrogen has positive electron gain enthalpy whereas oxygen has negative. However, oxygen has lower ionisation enthalpy than nitrogen. Explain.
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ii. Racemic mixture
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