What are the causes of unemployment in India?
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- Rapid Population Growth: It is the leading cause of unemployment in rural India. In India, particularly in rural areas, the population is increasing rapidly. It has adversely affected the unemployment situation largely in two ways. In the first place, the growth of population directly encouraged the unemployment by making large addition to labour force. It is because the rate of job expansion could never have been as high as population growth would have required.
- Limited Land: Land is the gift of nature. It is always constant and cannot expand like population growth. Since, India's population is increasing rapidly, therefore, the land is not sufficient for the growing population. As a result, there is heavy pressure on the land. In rural areas, most of the people depend directly on land for their livelihood. Land is very limited in comparison to population. It creates the unemployment situation for a large number of persons who depend on agriculture in rural areas.
- Seasonal Agriculture: In rural society agriculture is the only means of employment. However, most of the rural people are engaged directly as well as indirectly in agricultural operation. But, agriculture in India is basically a seasonal affair. It provides employment facilities to the rural people only in a particular season of the year. For example, during the sowing and harvesting period, people are fully employed and the period between the post harvest and before the next sowing they remain unemployed. It has adversely affected their standard of living.
- Defective Education: The day-to-day education is very defective and is confined within the class room only. Its main aim is to acquire certificates only. The present educational system is not job oriented, it is degree oriented. It is defective on the ground that it is more general than the vocational. Thus, the people who are getting general education are unable to do any work. They are to be called as good for nothing on the ground that they cannot have any job here, they can find the ways of self employment. It leads to unemployment as well as under employment.
- Backward Method of Agriculture: The method of agriculture in India is very backward. Till now, the rural farmers followed the old farming methods. As a result, the farmer cannot feed properly many people by the produce of his farm and he is unable to provide his children with proper education or to engage them in any profession. It leads to unemployment problem.
- Decline of Cottage Industries: In rural India, village or cottage industries are the only means of employment particularly of the landless people. They depend directly on various cottage industries for their livelihood. But, now-a-days, these are adversely affected by the industrialisation process. Actually, it is found that they cannot compete with modern factories in matter or production. As a result of which the village industries suffer a serious loss and gradually closing down. Owing to this, the people who work in there remain unemployed and unable to maintain their livelihood.
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