Question
What do you understand by debit' and credit'? Do you think debit always stands for decrease in amount and credit for increase?

Answer

Debit refers to the left side of an account and credit refers to the right side of an account. In the abbreviated form Dr. stands for debit and Cr. stands for credit. An item recorded on the debit side of an account is said to be debited to the account. An item recorded on the credit side of an account is said to be credited to the account.
Both debit and credit may represent either increase or decrease depending upon the nature of an account. The rules of debit and credit depend on the nature of account.

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Give four differences between a Bill of Exchange and a Promissory Note.
A Limited purchased a machine on 1st July 2011 for ₹ 3,00,000 and on 1st January 2013 bought another machinery for ₹ 2,00,000. On 1st August 2013 machine bought in 2011 was sold for ₹ 1,60,000. Another machine was bought for ₹ 1,50,000 on 1st October 2013. It was decided to provide depreciation @ 10% p.a. on written down value method assuming books are closed on 31st March each year. Prepare Machinery Account and Provision for depreciation account for 3 years.
Enter the following transactions in a simple cash book for December 2016:
 
 
01
Cash in hand
12,000
05
Cash received from Bhanu
4,000
07
Rent Paid
2,000
10
Purchased goods Murari for cash
6,000
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Sold goods for cash
9,000
18
Purchase stationery
300
22
Cash paid to Rahul on account
2,000
28
Paid salary
1,000
30
Paid rent
500
Distinguish between straight line method and written down value method of calculating depreciation.
Mr. Gopal started business for buying and selling of readymade garments with ₹ 8,00,000 as an initial investment. Out of this he paid ₹ 4,00,000 for the purchase of garments and ₹ 50,000 for furniture and ₹ 50,000 for computers and the remaining amount was deposited into the bank. He sold some of the ladies and kids garments for ₹ 3,00,000 for cash and some garments for ₹ 1,50,000 on credit to Mr. Rajesh.
Subsequently, he bought men's garments of ₹ 2,00,000 from Mr. Satish. In the first week of the next month, a fire broke out in his office and stock of garments worth ₹ 1,00,000 was destroyed. Later on, some garments which cost ₹ 1,20,000 were sold for ₹ 1,30,000. Expenses paid during the same period were ₹ 15,000. Mr. Gopal withdrew ₹ 20,000 from business for his domestic use.
From the above, answer the following:
  1. What is the amount of capital with which Mr. Gopal started the business?
  2. What fixed assets did he buy?
  3. What is the value of the goods purchased?
  4. Who is the creditor and state the amount payable to him?
  5. Who is the debtor and what is the amount receivable from him?
  6. What is the total amount of expenses?
  7. What is the amount of drawings of Mr. Gopal?
From the following transactions, state the nature of accounts and state the accounts which will be debited and credited:
  1. Ganesh started business with Cash ₹ 2,00,000.
  2. Purchased goods for Cash ₹ 60,000.
  3. Sold goods for cash ₹ 75,000.
  4. Purchased goods from Nakul on Credit for ₹ 80,000.
  5. Sold goods to Bhushan on Credit for ₹ 50,000.
  6. Paid Cash to Nakul ₹ 20,000.
  7. Received Cash from Bhushan ₹ 10,000.
  8. Paid salary ₹ 20,000.
From the following transactions, state the nature of accounts and state the accounts which will be debited and credited:
  1. Ganesh started business with Cash ₹ 2,00,000.
  2. Purchased goods for Cash ₹ 60,000.
  3. Sold goods for cash ₹ 75,000.
  4. Purchased goods from Nakul on Credit for ₹ 80,000.
  5. Sold goods to Bhushan on Credit for ₹ 50,000.
  6. Paid Cash to Nakul ₹ 20,000.
  7. Received Cash from Bhushan ₹ 10,000.
  8. Paid salary ₹ 20,000.
On checking the Bank Pass Book it was found that it showed an overdraft of ₹ 5,220 as on 31.12.2014, while as per Ledger it was different to Bank Debit. The following differences were noted:
  1. Cheques deposited but not yet credited by bank ₹ 6,000.
  2. Cheques dishonoured and debited by bank but not given effect to it in the Ledger ₹ 800.
  3. Bank charges debited by bank but Debit Memo not received from bank ₹ 50.
  4. Interest on overdraft excess credited in the Ledger ₹ 200.
  5. Wrongly credited by bank to account, deposit of some other party ₹ 900.
  6. Cheques issued but not presented for payment ₹ 400.
State any two advantages between a bill of exchange and a draft.