Question
What is climate? Provide information about the climate.
✓
Answer
- The average conditions of weather over a longer period of time is Climate.
- Normally climate is determined on the basis of weather conditions of a region over a period of $35$ years or more.
- Elements of Climate:
- The heat received from the Sun is known as Insolation.
- Amount of insolation varies with latitude.
- In tropical regions, Sun rays fall vertically, so temperature remains high.
- In Polar Regions.
- Sun’s rays fall oblique, so temperature remains low.
- On the basis of insolation and temperature, a regions climate may be hot or cold, moderate or extreme.
- Latitude, distance from the sea, physical features, location, altitude, forest regions and such other factors result in formation of low and high pressure areas.
- Low pressure is experienced in equatorial regions due to heat, while in cold Polar Regions; high pressure is experienced due to the cold.
- Thus, under the influence of various factors, low and high pressures are formed.
- Air moves from areas of high pressure to that of low pressure.
- When there is high pressure over the sea, moist winds from here blow towards the low pressure areas over continents and bring rain.
- As winds coming from sea are cool, sea coast has a moderate climate.
- In areas where dry winds blow, there is scanty rain and climate becomes extreme.
- Thus, pressure and winds play an important role in changing climate of a region.
- Water present in the atmosphere in the form of vapour is Humidity.
- Amount of humidity depends on the rate of evaporation.
- In dry desert regions due to less rain and in polar regions due to less evaporation, humidity is low.
- Hence there is low rainfall. In equatorial regions, Sun’s rays fall vertically throughout the year and so there is highest evaporation.
- Worlds heaviest rainfall is recorded here.
- Air moisture makes the weather steamy.
- Hence the humid climate of equatorial region is not healthy for humans.
- Thus humidity and rain determine whether climate is dry or humid.
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