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The s-block Elements — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryThe s-block Elements3 Marks
Question
Why are lithium salts commonly hydrated and those of the other alkali ions usually anhydrous?
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Answer

Lithium is the smallest in size among the alkali metals. Hence, $\mathrm{Li}^{+}$ion can polarize water molecules more easily than other alkali metals. As a result, water molecules get attached to lithium salts as water of crystallization. Hence, lithium salts such as trihydrated lithium chloride $\left(\mathrm{LiCl} .3 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)$ are commonly hydrated. As the size of the ions increases, their polarizing power decreases. Hence, other alkali metal ions usually form anhydrous salts.

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