Question
Write a short note on dipole$-$induced dipole interactions.
✓
Answer
Dipole$-$induced dipole interactions:
$i.$ When polar molecules $($like $H_2O, NH_3)$ and nonpolar molecules $($like benzene$)$ approach each other, the polar molecules induce dipole in the nonpolar molecules. Hence, ‘Temporary dipoles’ are formed by shifting of electron clouds in nonpolar molecules.
$ii.$ For example, ammonia $(NH_3)$ is polar and has permanent dipole moment while Benzene $(C_6H_6)$ is nonpolar and has zero dipole moment. The force of attraction developed between the polar and nonpolar molecules is of the type dipole$-$induced dipole interaction. This is shown in the following figure:
$i.$ When polar molecules $($like $H_2O, NH_3)$ and nonpolar molecules $($like benzene$)$ approach each other, the polar molecules induce dipole in the nonpolar molecules. Hence, ‘Temporary dipoles’ are formed by shifting of electron clouds in nonpolar molecules.
$ii.$ For example, ammonia $(NH_3)$ is polar and has permanent dipole moment while Benzene $(C_6H_6)$ is nonpolar and has zero dipole moment. The force of attraction developed between the polar and nonpolar molecules is of the type dipole$-$induced dipole interaction. This is shown in the following figure:
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