Explanation:
Binding energy per nucleon in a nucleus first increases with increasing mass number (A) and reaches a maximum of 8.7MeV for A (50 - 80). Then, again it slowly starts decreasing with the increase in A and drops to the value of 7.5MeV.
Explanation:
In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this process, matter is not conserved because some of the matter of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy).
Explanation:
The Q value for a reaction is the amount of energy released by that reaction.
In beta decay, a typical Q is around 1 MeV.
Explanation
The mass number, also called atomic mass number, is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleous.i.e. Mass number = Neutron + Proton.
Solution:
The moderator used have light nuclei like proton. When protons undergo perfectly elastic collision with the neutron emitted their velocities are exchanged, it means, neutrons come to rest and protons move with the velocity of neutrons.
Explanation:
The $14\text{C}\\\ 2$ has more number of neutrons than protons, so it is the radio isotope in this pair.
Explanation:
Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.
Explanation:
It is observed that mass of a stable nucleus is always less than the total mass of constituent nucleons.This difference of mass is known as mass defect. When a nucleus is formed from the free nucleons mass defect is released in the form of energy by Einstein's mass-energy relation.
This energy is used to bind the nucleons to form a nucleus therefore an equivalent amount of energy is required to split the nucleus into its parts, that is called binding energy of nucleus.
Explanation:
This is because in heavy nuclei, the $\frac{\text{N}}{\text{Z}}$ ratio becomes larger in order to maintain their stability and reduce instability caused due to the repulsion among the protons. The neutrons exert only attractive short-range nuclear forces on each other as well as on the neighbouring protons, whereas the protons exert attractive short-range nuclear forces on each other as well as the electrostatic repulsive force. Thus, the nuclei with high mass number, in order to be stable, have large neutron to proton ratio $\frac{\text{N}}{\text{Z}}.$
Explanation:
James Chadwick discovered the neutron.
Explanation:
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11.
Atomic mass (u) of sodium = 23u.
It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal.
Solution:
Key Concept:
| Features | α- particles | β- particles | γ-rays | |
| 1. | Identity | Helium nucleus or doubly ionised helium atom (2He4) | Fast moving electron $(-\beta^0\text{ or }\beta^-)$ | Photons (E.M. waves) |
| 2. | Charge | +2e | -e | Zero |
| 3. | Mass | 4 mp (mp = mass of proton) = 1.87 × 10-27 | me | Massless |
| 4. | Equation of decay | $_\text{Z}\text{X}^\text{A} \xrightarrow{\alpha-\text{decay}}\ _{\text{z}-2}\text{Y}^{\text{A}-4}+_2\text{He}^4$ $\text{n}_\alpha=\frac{\text{A}-\text{A}'}{4}$ | $_\text{Z}\text{X}^\text{A}\rightarrow_{\text{z}-2}\text{Y}^{\text{A}}+_{-1}\text{e}^0+\overline{\text{v}}$ $_\text{Z}\text{Y}^\text{A}\xrightarrow{^\text{n}\beta}\ _{\text{z}'}\text{Y}^{\text{A}}$ $\Rightarrow\ \text{n}_\beta=(2\text{n}_\alpha-\text{Z}+\text{Z}')$ | $_\text{Z}\text{X}^\text{A}\rightarrow\ _\text{Z}\text{X}^\text{a}+\gamma$ |
A/3-particle carries one unit of negative charge (-e), an α-particle carries 2 units of positive charge (+2e ) and γ (particle) carries no charge. Hence electronic energy levels of the atom charges for α and β decay, but not for γ-decay.
Explanation:
In nuclear fusion reactions, the heavy isotopes of Hydrogen take part like deuterium 1H2 and tritium 1H3 as they have extra neutron.
Explanation:
The process of splitting a nucleus is called nuclear fission. Uranium or plutonium isotopes are normally used as the fuel in nuclear reactors because their atoms have relatively large nuclei that are easy to split, especially when hit by neutrons.
When fission of an element takes place when hit by a neutron, furthermore neutrons are released. The additional neutrons released may also hit other uranium or plutonium nuclei and cause them to split.
Even more, neutrons are then released, which in turn can split more nuclei. This is called a chain reaction.
Explanation:
Isotopes are each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties.
Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same numbers of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. They have same chemical properties due to the same electronic configuration but different physical properties.
Explanation:
Before Sir Einstien, mass and energy were two completely different physical quantities, which were not related to each other anyway.
Sir Einstein told that energy and mass are related to each other i.e. energy and mass can be converted into each other by the following relation:
E=mc2, called Sir Einstein's mass-energy equivalence.
Explanation:
The fission bomb or atom bomb works on the principle that it takes energy to put together a nucleus with many protons and neutrons.
Explanation:
Atomic weight is specific for a particular element and does not change under any circumstances.
Explanation:
Hydrogen has 3 isotopes namely. protium $1\text{H}\\1$, deuterium $2\text{H}\\1$ and tritium $3\text{H}\\1$
Explanation:
Mc2 + Bindingenergy=[(A−Z)Mn+ZMp]c2
Therefore, mass of nucleus is less than total mass of its free nucleons.
Explanation:
2He4 + 13Al27 → 15P30 + 0n1
Explanation:
The two alpha particles are released along with energy when Li−7 is bombarded with a proton. It was found that the mass of the two alpha particles weighs less that the original product in the reaction. Now, the mass that was converted to energy is called as Mass defect.
The difference between the expected mass and the actual mass of an isotope is called mass defect.
The expected mass is calculated by adding the masses of protons, neutrons and electrons present.
Explanation:
A radioactive substance will emit $\alpha$ radiation and alpha radiation is nothing but nucleus of Helium atom so the atmosphere will be rich with He.
Explanation:
$32\text{P}\\ \ 15$ is the radioactive isotope of phosphorous element.
As it has more number of neutrons than number of protons.
Explanation:
A nucleus is made up of two fundamental particles-neutrons and protons. If a nucleus has more number of neutrons than what is needed to have stability, then neutrons decay into protons and if there's an excess of protons, then they decay to form neutrons. Since a neutron has larger rest mass than a proton, the Q-value of its decay reaction is positive and a free neutron decays to a proton, while an isolated proton cannot decay to a neutron as the Q-value of its decay reaction is negative. Hence, it is physically not possible.
Explanation:
The average binding energy per nucleon is just the total binding energy divided by the number of nucleons. If we consider Na atom, its binding energy is 194MeV.
Its binding energy per nucleon is given by $\frac{194\text{MeV}}{24}$
= 8.08MeV
Explanation:
From conservation of mass
24 + 4 = x + 1
x = 28 − 1 = 27
Explanation:
The electron emitted in beta radiation may originates from neutron and it increases the atomic number 1.
Explanation:
In fusion reaction 0.65% of mass is converted into energy.
So, 0.65% of mass is lost during nuclear fusion.
Explanation:
The order of magnitude of nuclear radii is 1 fermi = 10−15 meters.
Explanation:
The nuclear reaction: 15P30 → 4Si30+ +1e0
Thus a positron is emitted during the decay of 15P30 into 14Si30.
Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but that have a different number of neutrons.
Since the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and the atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons, we can also say that isotopes are elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Explanation:
Binding energy per nucleon increases with atomic number. The greater the binding energy per nucleon the more stable is the nucleus.
For 26Fe56 number of nucleons is 56.
This is most stable nucleus, since maximum energy is needed to pull a nucleon away from it.
Explanation:
The difference in mass between the separate particles and the nuclide is called the mass defect. This 'missing mass' accounts for the binding energy.
Binding energy of the products is always greater than the binding energy of the reactants and the difference is released as energy.
Explanation:
Atomic energies are of order of electron volts and kilo electron volts but binding energy of nucleus that is energy required to keep the nucleus together has very high magnitude. It is of the order of Mega electron volt.