SPCC 4 Marks Each

Advantages of Written Communication : They are as follows: (1) No restriction of place : With the help of this method communication can be undertaken with the person staying in any corner of the world. (2) Uniformity of Communication : The same message will be passed to everyone, everytime so uniformity of communication can be held in this method of communication. (3) Storage of information : The communication can be stored serial wise and can be properly filed for future reference. (4) Legal evidance : This method of communication can be presented as legal evidance. (5) Easy to establish responsibility : The written communication is considered as legal evidance and on base of that responsibility of the person can be established easily. (6) Useful for future reference : As the information is in written format it can be used to quote or refer in future along with serial no. and date. (7) Public Tools: In written communication use of letterwriting and newspaper is done more, which helps to pass information to general public in a easy way. (8) Helps to create prestige: Carefully drafted written communication helps to create prestige of the firm.

Limitations of written communication : They are as follows: (1) Time consuming : Written communication, whether hand written or typed requires more time compared to oral communicate. (2) Expensive : Written communication requires tools like computer, typewriter, fax etc.. which makes it an expensive medium of communication. (3) Delayed Feedback : Written communication is not direct but indirect so feedback from the receiver may be delayed. (4) Increases administrative work: This type of communication requires organising of stationery, filing etc which increases the administrative work of the office. (5) Difficult for illiterate person : This type of communication cannot be undertaken by an illiterate person. (6) Lack of writing skill: Many times due to lack of writing skill the message is not framed properly, which is a big limitation of written communication. (7) Undesirable benefit: Many a times written communication is twisted and presented in a different form to take undesirable benefit of the same. At such time the success of communication becomes questionable. (8) Doubtful success : Written communication is not undertaken face to face, so the reaction of th receiver can not be predicted. At such times the success of communication becomes doubtful. Conclusion : At present times wirtten communication is used more. Written communication can be understood and followed easily. This is necessary for stability of business.

1. Introduction : There is no legal evidence of oral communication in Commercial Communication. So written communication holds more importance. If written communication is undertaken with the help of right choice of words they can create the good impression.
2. What is Written Communication? The communication which is not oral and is undertaken with the help of scirpt, language, words which are in written form, it is known as written communication. It includes, Letters, Telegraph, Newspapers, Magazines, Books, Notice etc.
3. Advantages of Written Communication : They are as follows:
(1) No restriction of place : With the help of this method communication can be undertaken with the person staying in any corner of the world.
(2) Uniformity of Communication : The same message will be passed to everyone, everytime so uniformity of communication can be held in this method of communication.
(3) Storage of information : The communication can be stored serial wise and can be properly filed for future reference.
(4) Legal evidance : This method of communication can be presented as legal evidance.
(5) Easy to establish responsibility : The written communication is considered as legal evidance and on base of that responsibility of the person can be established easily.
(6) Useful for future reference : As the information is in written format it can be used to quote or refer in future along with serial no. and date.
(7) Public Tools: In written communication use of letterwriting and newspaper is done more, which helps to pass information to general public in a easy way.
(8) Helps to create prestige: Carefully drafted written communication helps to create prestige of the firm.
4. Conclusion : After invention of script and printing/writing the use of written communication started. In present times this form of communication gets more importance due to its charcteristic of storing and being acceptable as legal evidence.

1. Introduction: In the process of communication different mediums are used as per the requirement. Communication between two people, communication with person or a group. For e.g. Teacher and Class, group and person communicating. press conference. In all the cases of communication process and methods get changed. Between two groups we can have group discussion. Speaker and listener can be one person or a group of people. Where communication can be undertaken face to face or with help of telecommunication devices and methods.
2. Methods of Communication : They are as follow:
(1) Oral Communication : The communication undertaken by way of speaking language/words well suited to information message is known as oral method of communication. In this method,clearity of pronounciation and loudness of sound are essential features.
(2) Written Communication : The communication undertaken by way of writing using scri, lan-guage/words well studied to information/message is known as written method of communication. In this method, style of writing and selection of words are essential features. For e.g. litera-ture, Books, Letter writing, E-mail, Public notice etc.
(3) Visual Communication : The communication taking place with or without the use of words; spoken or heard is called visual method of communication. For e.g. Signs, symbols, pictures,chats, maps etc.
(4) Audio Communication: Using words and making different sounds, even if the speaker and lis-tener are not face to face, this type of communication is known as audio communication. For e.g. Radio, Telephone, C.D., Tape recorder etc.
(5) Audio-Visual Communication : The method in which the activities of watching and listening take place simultaneously is known as audio-visual communication. For e.g. Motion pictures,televi-sion, computer etc.
(6) Silence Communication : The method of communication where even in absence of words spo-ken or written, message is conveyed through silence is known as silence communication. silence generally conveys consent but at times shows disagreement. Pauses verbal communication catches attention emphatic. For e.g. Facial expressions, nodding, body language etc.
3. Conclusion : Which method of communication should be used depends upon on listener and speaker needs, time and circumstances and nature of communication. Written communication is widly used for commercial communication as it leaves less scope for misunderstanding and can be used as legal evidence.

Limitations of written communication : They are as follows:
(1) Time consuming : Written communication, whether hand written or typed requires more time compared to oral communicate.
(2) Expensive : Written communication requires tools like computer, typewriter, fax etc.. which makes it an expensive medium of communication.
(3) Delayed Feedback : Written communication is not direct but indirect so feedback from the receiver may be delayed.
(4) Increases administrative work: This type of communication requires organising of stationery, filing etc which increases the administrative work of the office.
(5) Difficult for illiterate person : This type of communication cannot be undertaken by an illiterate person.
(6) Lack of writing skill: Many times due to lack of writing skill the message is not framed properly, which is a big limitation of written communication.
(7) Undesirable benefit: Many a times written communication is twisted and presented in a different form to take undesirable benefit of the same. At such time the success of communication becomes questionable.
(8) Doubtful success : Written communication is not undertaken face to face, so the reaction of th receiver can not be predicted. At such times the success of communication becomes doubtful. Conclusion : At present times wirtten communication is used more. Written communication can be understood and followed easily. This is necessary for stability of business.

1. Introduction : There is no legal evidence of oral communication in Commercial Communication. So written communication holds more importance. If written communication is undertaken with the help of right choice of words they can create the good impression.
2. What is Written Communication? The communication which is not oral and is undertaken with the help of scirpt, language, words which are in written form, it is known as written communication. It includes, Letters, Telegraph, Newspapers, Magazines, Books, Notice etc.
3. Advantages of Written Communication : They are as follows:
(1) No restriction of place : With the help of this method communication can be undertaken with the person staying in any corner of the world.
(2) Uniformity of Communication : The same message will be passed to everyone, everytime so uniformity of communication can be held in this method of communication.
(3) Storage of information : The communication can be stored serial wise and can be properly filed for future reference.
(4) Legal evidance : This method of communication can be presented as legal evidance.
(5) Easy to establish responsibility : The written communication is considered as legal evidance and on base of that responsibility of the person can be established easily.
(6) Useful for future reference : As the information is in written format it can be used to quote or refer in future along with serial no. and date.
(7) Public Tools: In written communication use of letterwriting and newspaper is done more, which helps to pass information to general public in a easy way.
(8) Helps to create prestige: Carefully drafted written communication helps to create prestige of the firm.
4. Conclusion : After invention of script and printing/writing the use of written communication started. In present times this form of communication gets more importance due to its charcteristic of storing and being acceptable as legal evidence.

1. Introduction: Communication is the basic characteristic of human. Every person converse with other person on the language they understand well. Even in the business world oral communication plays a vital role for exchange of information and thoughts and ideas.
2.What is Oral Communication? : The communication undertaken by way of speaking, using lan-guage words well suited to information/message is known as oral communication. It includes talks,dialouge, debet, lectures, conversations etc.
3. Advantages of Oral Communication : They are as follows:
(1) Time Saving: Oral communication can be undertaken easily at any given place. So, it helps in saving time.
(2) Less expensive: No equipments or stationery is required for oral communication. So it is less expensive.
(3) Face to Face : Generally this type of communication takes place face to face, so prompt reply/ feedback can be received which helps to build strong bond/relation.
(4) Quick feedback: In Oral communication speaker gets quick feedback which motivates him/her.
(5) No special knowledge required : This type of communication does not require any special knowledge, so it can be used even by illiterate.
(6) Chance to rectify mistakes: In this method speaker receives prompt feedback from the listner and therefore if any confusion or mistake arises, solution can be sought immediately.
(7) Repetition : This method can be repedeately used as per the requirement.
(8) Impact can be created : The speaker can created an impact using his oratory skills and style of speaking.
(9) Inspiration and Motivation: In oral communication speaker gets feedback instantly so he gets inspired and motivated to speak more.
4 Conclusion : Generally oral communication can not be proved or presented as legal evidence so does not have much use in commercial communication but it is widely used method of communication.

1. It takes time to prepare text messages.
2. Written communication work requires staffing of related equipment so that more cost is incurred.
3. This method does not get a quick response as the information is exchanged not directly but indirectly.
4. In order to communicate information through this method, arrangements have to be made in the office. And also filing has to be done.
5. An illiterate person cannot communicate information in writing.
6. A person who communicates with this method sometimes fails due to lack of writing skills.
7. The parties sometimes seek personal gain by distorting or altering the written information.
8. Written information is not communicated directly. Therefore, it is not possible to predict when the other party will respond.

1. This method allows written communication with any person in any country and in any area.
2. Coherence can be maintained in the process of communication by writing identical messages.
3. Written information can be maintained in order and can be filed.
4. Written information is considered authentic evidence in terms of law.
5. Since the information is written, its reference, letter, order, date etc. can be quoted in future.
6. Since written information is written evidence, the responsibility of the person can be clarified on the basis of the information written in it.
7. Correspondence and newspapers are specially used in written communication.
8. Effectively written messages build the reputation of the business unit.

1. Lack of written record: - There is no written record of verbally altered information in this method. Hence there is no legal proof of information transmission.
2. Difficulty in remembering: - Not all the information spoken verbally can be remembered by the same party. Not everyone has the same memory.
3. Possibility of delay: - A lot of similarities are wasted in verbal communication when moving in the opposite direction.
4. Inadequate for detailed information: - Oral communication system is considered inadequate when detailed information is to be given.
5. Misinterpretations: - If the presenter of information does not have oratory skills or has difficulty in speaking then there is a possibility of misinterpretation due to mispronunciation.
6. It is difficult to determine the responsibility: - If there is any error or defect in the communication, it becomes difficult to prove the Sami person responsible for it.
7. Language Difficulty: - When it comes to communicating verbally between people who speak different languages, language difficulties become a hindrance.

(1) Verbal: - When information is exchanged by speaking through the use of corresponding phrases or words, it is called verbal communication.
(2) Written: The language and words of the mother-in-law are exchanged through the text in the Pogya script. Proper choice of style and words plays an important role. E.g. Literature, books, letter writing, e-mail etc.
(3) Visual: Visual information communication is the exchange of information by seeing and understanding without speaking or hearing any word or language. E.g. Pictures, symbols, graphs, maps, colors etc.
(4) Audible: -Even if information is exchanged even though the speaker or the handler is directly face to face, it is called audio communication. E.g. Radio, telephone, CD, tape recorder etc.
(5) Audio-Audio: The system in which watching and listening happen at the same time is called audio-visual information. E.g. Movies, television, computers, etc.
(6) Silence: - The method of communication in which words are absent is called silence. Silence sometimes indicates agreement and sometimes also disagreement. Suggests.

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